Background: The antenatal shared care model has become increasingly popular among Australian women as the preferred mode of pregnancy care. General practitioners are often asked by their pregnant women patients about the nutrients needed during pregnancy.
Objective: This article discusses the role of various micronutrients and trace elements needed in pregnancy, and provides daily intake recommendations of these nutrients as a reference point.
Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), which is a common endocrinopathy seen not only in adult women but also in female adolescents nowadays, is associated with reproductive, metabolic and cardiovascular problems.
Objective: This article aims to review the current evidence on managing PCOS in adolescence. In addition, the pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical presentations and existing diagnostic criteria of PCOS will also be discussed.