Intergenerational Interactions and Relationship Quality: A Daily Study Among Mothers and Their Adult Children.

Objectives: The parent-child relationship is one of the most long-lasting relationships in human life. Such relationship is particularly adaptive during public health emergencies that threaten human life. However, few studies have examined the effects of daily exchanges in support between aging parents and adult children on the relationship quality during public health emergencies.

Adolescents' Cyber-Defending for Cyberbullying: A Socio-Emotional, Beliefs, and Past Experience Model.

Adolescents experiencing cyberbullying attacks (i.e., cyber-victims) can suffer severe psychological harm (e.

Teacher anger as a double-edged sword: Contrasting trait and emotional labor effects.

In contrast to teachers' positive emotions, such as enjoyment and enthusiasm, teachers' negative emotions and the regulation of negative emotions have received limited empirical attention. As the most commonly experienced negative emotion in teachers, anger has to date demonstrated mixed effects on teacher development. On the one hand, habitual experiences of anger (i.

Problem Solving and Emotion Coping Styles for Social Anxiety: A Meta-analysis of Chinese Mainland Students.

Studies of how positive and negative coping styles affect social anxiety show mixed results. Hence, our two meta-analyses determined the overall effect sizes of problem solving-focused coping (PSC) styles and emotion-focused coping (EFC) styles on social anxiety in mainland China (PSC: k = 49 studies, N = 34,669; EFC: k = 52, N = 36,531). PSC was negatively linked to social anxiety (- .

Modeling insufficient effort responses in mixed-worded scales.

Surveys often add reverse-coded questions to monitor respondents with insufficient effort responses (IERs) but often wrongly assume that all respondents consistently answer all questions with full effort. By contrast, this study expanded the mixture model for IERs and ran a simulation via LatentGOLD to show the harmful consequences of ignoring IERs to positively and negatively worded questions: less test reliability, bias and less accuracy in slope and intercept parameters. We showed its practical application to two public data sets: Machiavellianism (five-point scale) and self-reported depression (four-point scale).

Achievement, self-concept and anxiety in mathematics and English: A three-wave cross-lagged panel study.

Background: Many studies (especially cross-sectional ones) have shown signicant links between two of these three constructs-achievement, self-concept and anxiety.

Objectives: Unlike past longitudinal studies that examined only two of these three constructs, this study examines all three, grounded in self-determination theory, control-value theory and transactional theory of anxiety.

Methods: Chinese secondary school students (N = 823) completed questionnaires across three time points covering one school year, and we collected data on their mathematics and second language (L2) English test scores.

Why Aren't All Cantonese Tones Equally Confusing to English Listeners?

English listeners often struggle to perceive tones, but some are easier than others. This study examined these phenomena grounded in the feature weighing perspective (FWP) and the Perceptual Assimilation Model for Suprasegmentals (PAM-S). Forty-seven English and Cantonese listeners completed 4,212 trials of Cantonese tone discrimination and sequence recall tasks.

Modeling Rapid Guessing Behaviors in Computer-Based Testlet Items.

In traditional test models, test items are independent, and test-takers slowly and thoughtfully respond to each test item. However, some test items have a common stimulus (dependent test items in a testlet), and sometimes test-takers lack motivation, knowledge, or time (speededness), so they perform rapid guessing (RG). Ignoring the dependence in responses to testlet items can negatively bias standard errors of measurement, and ignoring RG by fitting a simpler item response theory (IRT) model can bias the results.

Psychosocial factors, but not professional practice skills, linked to self-perceived effectiveness of telepractice in school-based speech and language therapists during COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Face-to-face class suspensions during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in 2019 increased telepractice in speech and language therapy. However, little is known about speech and language therapists' (SLTs) perceived effectiveness of telepractice and its antecedents.

Aims: To examine the use of telepractice and the factors affecting its perceived effectiveness in Hong Kong mainstream schools during COVID-19.

A mixture Rasch facets model for rater's illusory halo effects.

A rater's overall impression of a ratee's essay (or other assessment) can influence ratings on multiple criteria to yield excessively similar ratings (halo effect). However, existing analytic methods fail to identify whether similar ratings stem from homogeneous criteria (true halo) or rater bias (illusory halo). Hence, we introduce and test a mixture Rasch facets model for halo effects (MRFM-H) that distinguishes true halo versus illusory halo effects to classify normal versus halo raters.

The Relationship Between Self-Control and Internet Addiction Among Students: A Meta-Analysis.

As past studies of self-control and Internet addiction showed mixed results, this meta-analysis of 83 primary studies with 80,681 participants determined whether (a) these students with less self-control had greater Internet addiction, and (b) age, culture, gender, Internet addiction measures, or year moderated these relations. We used a random-effects meta-analysis of Pearson product-moment coefficients with Fisher's -transformation and tested for moderation with the homogeneity tests. The results showed a positive link between impulsivity and Internet addiction ( = 0.

A new item response theory model for rater centrality using a hierarchical rater model approach.

Rater centrality, in which raters overuse middle scores for rating, is a common rater error which can affect test scores and subsequent decisions. Past studies on rater errors have focused on rater severity and inconsistency, neglecting rater centrality. This study proposes a new model within the hierarchical rater model framework to explicitly specify and directly estimate rater centrality in addition to rater severity and inconsistency.

Tailoring crystallization and physical properties of palm mid-fraction with sorbitan tristearate and sucrose stearate.

This paper addresses sorbitan and sucrose ester in physical transformations of palm mid-fraction (PMF). Both emulsifiers influenced the crystallization properties of PMF, mainly due to emulsifier solubility, which affects its ability to interfere with the kinetics of solution-mediated phase transformations. DSC results corroborate the polymorphism analysis, indicating that the mechanism and rate of phase transformation depend on the chemical structure and amount of each emulsifier.

Technology integration for young children during COVID-19: Towards future online teaching.

To support young children's learning during the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, preschool educators in Hong Kong were required to teach with digital technologies. In this study, 1035 educators from 169 preschools reported their views and practices in an online survey, which we examined via and . More than half of the respondents (53%) expected future online teaching to continue, and only 11% of educators believed that parents would reject this form of delivery.

Effects of high-intensity interval exercise and moderate-intensity continuous exercise on executive function of healthy young males.

Purpose: This study compared the executive function (EF) performance induced by moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) versus high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE), under two exercise modalities (i.e., running vs.

Daily Positive Support and Perceived Stress During COVID-19 Outbreak: The Role of Daily Gratitude Within Couples.

Unlabelled: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has induced stress and anxiety. According to past studies, positive support within married couples reduces stress during diseases and disasters, but their mechanisms are unclear. To address this gap and help individuals better cope with COVID-19-related psychological distress, this study examined the relationships among daily positive support, daily gratitude, and daily stress within married couples.

Crystallization, microstructure and polymorphic properties of soybean oil organogels in a hybrid structuring system.

Organogels are semi-solid systems where the liquid phase is immobilized for three-dimensional network self-sustained formed by structuring agents capable to hold a larger quantity of liquid oil. The use of these structuring agents or crystallization modifiers, as specific triacylglycerols, emulsifiers and high molecular weight - high melting point lipids, have been recognized as the main alternative for obtaining low saturated fats for food formulation. The aim of this work was to evaluate the crystallization, microstructure and polymorphism properties of hybrid soybean oil (SO) organogels, formulated with 6% (w:w) of structuring agents through a centroid simplex system added singly, in binary or ternary association of candelilla wax (CW), sorbitan monostearate (SMS) and fully hydrogenated palm oil (FHPO).

Cognitive Diagnostic Models for Random Guessing Behaviors.

Many test-takers do not carefully answer every test question; instead they sometimes quickly answer without thoughtful consideration (, RG). Researchers have not modeled RG when assessing student learning with (CDMs) to personalize feedback on a set of fine-grained skills (or attributes). Therefore, this study proposes to enhance cognitive diagnosis by modeling RG via an advanced CDM with item response and response time.

The Impact of Differential Parenting: Study Protocol on a Longitudinal Study Investigating Child and Parent Factors on Children's Psychosocial Health in Hong Kong.

Adolescents who believe that their parents treat them differently from their siblings have poorer psychosocial well-being than otherwise. This phenomenon, which is known as parental differential treatment or PDT occurs in up to 65% of families. Past studies have examined socio-demographic variables (e.

Physicochemical and rheological properties of soybean organogels: Interactions between different structuring agents.

High consumption of trans and saturated fats has been related to the development of cardiovascular diseases, justifying the application of organogels as possible substitutes for industrial fats. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical and rheological characteristics of soybean organogels that were prepared with 6% (w:w) of structuring components by a simplex centroid design, individually added, in binary and ternary associations with candelilla wax (CW), sorbitan monostearate (SMS) and fully hydrogenated palm oil (HPO). The formulated organogels were evaluated for hardness, solid content, and rheological behavior.

Sense of school belonging: Psychometric properties and differences across gender, grades, and East Asian societies.

As students' sense of school belonging (SOSB) is essential for their psychosocial well-being and academic success, developing precise measures of SOSB is critical for assessing it properly. After an unrelated item was deleted, the SOSB scale showed good psychometric properties, based on Rasch analysis of data from 36,963 students in Grade 4 or Grade 8 from four East Asian societies. While no items showed gender differential item functioning (DIF), two items showed substantial society DIF, and two items showed grade DIF in Japan and South Korea.

Effect of Foreign Accent on Immediate Serial Recall.

This study disentangled factors contributing to impaired memory for foreign-accented words - misperception and disruption of encoding. When native English and Cantonese-accented words were presented auditorily for serial recall (Experiment 1), intrusion errors for accented words were higher across all serial positions (SPs). Participants made more intrusion errors during auditory presentation than visual and auditory presentation, and more errors for accented words than native words.

Predictors of Change in Functional Outcome at six months and twelve months after Severe Injury: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: There is increasing focus on long-term survival, function and quality-of-life for trauma patients. There are few studies tracking longitudinal changes in functional outcome over time. The goal of our study was to compare the Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOSE) at 6 months and 12 months in blunt trauma survivors with an Injury Severity Score (ISS) of more than 15.

Exploring detection of contact vs. fantasy online sexual offenders in chats with minors: Statistical discourse analysis of self-disclosure and emotion words.

This exploratory study is the first to identify content differences between youths' online chats with contact child sex offenders (CCSOs; seek to meet with youths) and those with fantasy child sex offenders (FCSOs; do not meet with youths) using statistical discourse analysis (SDA). Past studies suggest that CCSOs share their experiences and emotions with targeted youths (self-disclosure grooming tactic) and encourage them to reciprocate, to build trust and closer relationships through a cycle of self-disclosures. In this study, we examined 36,029 words in 4,353 messages within 107 anonymized online chat sessions by 21 people, specifically 12 youths and 9 arrested sex offenders (5 CCSOs and 4 FCSOs), using SDA.

The Relationship between Teacher Support and Students' Academic Emotions: A Meta-Analysis.

This meta-analysis examines the association between teacher support and students' academic emotions [both positive academic emotions (PAEs) and negative academic emotions (NAEs)] and explores how student characteristics moderate these relationships. We identified 65 primary studies with 58,368 students. The results provided strong evidence linking teacher support and students' academic emotions.