Radiomics of lung ventilation/perfusion tomographic imaging in pulmonary embolism diagnosis.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop a machine learning model (named V/P-mics) to identify pulmonary embolism based on lung ventilation/perfusion single-photon emission tomography (V/P-SPECT) images.

Methods: We retrospectively collected the data of 260 patients from one hospital who underwent V/P-SPECT. Patients were randomly assigned to training and testing groups in a 7:3 ratio.

Comparison of the value of FAPI imaging and speckle‑tracking echocardiography in assessment of right ventricular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension.

Purposes: This retrospective study was designed to explore the relationship between right ventricular fibroblast activation measured by fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) imaging and myocardial deformation measured by Speckle‑tracking Echocardiography (STE) in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH).

Methods: Clinical data of PH patients were collected [15 chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), 4 PAH, 1 PH with unclear and/or multifactorial mechanisms]. All of patients underwent FAPI imaging and echocardiography within one month.

Association of resting amygdalar activity with persistent atrial fibrillation mediated by right atrial inflammation activity on F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography.

Background: Recent studies have shown that resting amygdalar activity is associated with cardiovascular disease. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms that link resting amygdalar activity with persistent atrial fibrillation (PerAF) remain to be comprehensively delineated. We aimed to estimate the association between resting amygdalar activity, right atrium (RA) inflammatory activity, and PerAF.

Rational modifications on N-(4-quinolinoyl)-Gly-2-cyanopyrrolidine to develop fibroblast activation protein-targeted radioligands with improved affinity and tumor uptake.

Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) has been an attractive target for cancer imaging and therapy. Radiolabeled FAP-targeting ligands have shown promising results for clinical applications. However, further improvements are ongoing in pursuit of increasing tumor uptake, prolonging tumor residence, and maintenance good tumor-to-background contrast for extensive theranostic application.

Comparison of Cardiac Activated Fibroblast Imaging and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients with COVID-19-Related Myocarditis.

Background: This study aimed to explore the association between cardiac fibroblast activation and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging parameters in patients with myocarditis following infection with coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods: In this prospective study, four patients with COVID-19-related myocarditis underwent Tc-labeled-hydrazinonicotinamide-fibroblast activation protein inhibitor-04 (Tc-HFAPi) single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) and CMR imaging. Segmental Tc-HFAPi activity was quantified as the percentage of average segmental myocardial count global left ventricular target-to-background ratio.

Prognostic value of F-FDG PET/CT in patients with relapsed multiple myeloma.

This study aimed to assess the prognostic value of F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computer tomography (F-FDG PET/CT) in patients with relapsed multiple myeloma (MM). Fifty-one consecutive patients with relapsed MM were enrolled in this retrospective study. F-FDG parameters based on the Italian Myeloma Criteria for PET Use (IMPeTUs) and clinical data were analyzed for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS).

Tc-HFAPi SPECT imaging predicts left ventricular remodeling after acute myocardial infarction.

Background: Despite improved treatments for acute myocardial infarction (AMI), myocardial fibrosis remains a key driver of adverse left ventricular (LV) remodeling and increased mortality. Fibroblast activation and proliferation significantly contribute to this process by enhancing cardiac fibrosis, which can lead to detrimental changes in LV structure. This study evaluates the effectiveness of Tc-labeled fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (Tc-HFAPi) SPECT imaging in predicting LV remodeling over 12 months in post-AMI patients.

Molecular Imaging of Fibroblast Activation in Rabbit Atherosclerotic Plaques: a Preclinical PET/CT Study.

Aim: Atherosclerosis remains the pathological basis of myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. Early and accurate identification of plauqes is crucial to improve clinical outcomes of atherosclerosis patients. Our study aims to evaluate the potential value of fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI)-04 PET/CT in identifying plaques via a preclinical rabbit model of atherosclerosis.

Early detection of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity using [ Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 imaging.

Purpose: Anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity (AIC), whose major manifestation is diffuse myocardial fibrosis, is an important clinical problem in cancer therapy. Therefore, early identification and treatment are clinically important. This study aims to explore the feasibility of using  Ga-labelled fibroblast activation protein (FAP) inhibitor ([ Ga]Ga-FAPI) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for the early identification of the fibrotic process and guidance of antifibrosis therapy in AIC.

Development of a F-Labeled Bicyclic Peptide Targeting EphA2 for Molecular Imaging of PSMA-Negative Prostate Cancer.

Although PSMA PET/CT imaging has great potential for noninvasively detecting prostate cancer (PCa), limitations exist for patients with low PSMA expression, caused by androgen deprivation treatment or neuroendocrine differentiation. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas Prostate Adenocarcinoma (TCGA-PRAD) data found that erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular receptor A2 (EphA2), a receptor overexpressed in most PCa could be a potential target for PSMA-negative PCa. A fluorescent ligand ETF and a radiolabeled ligand [F]AlF-ETN derived from a EphA2-targeting bicyclic peptide were synthesized and investigated.

Functional significance of myocardial activity at F-FAPI PET/CT in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy identified by cardiac magnetic resonance feature-tracking strain analysis.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the functional significance of F-labeled fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (F-FAPI) activity in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) by comparison with cardiac magnetic resonance feature-tracking (CMR-FT) strain analysis.

Methods: A total of 49 HCM patients were included in this study. Two independent control groups of healthy participants with a matched age and sex to the HCM patients were also enrolled.

99mTc-HFAPi imaging identifies early myocardial fibrosis in the hypertensive heart.

Background: This study aimed to explore whether 99mTc-radiolabeled fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (99mTc-HFAPi) imaging can detect early myocardial fibrosis in the hypertensive heart.

Methods: In the experimental model, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and age-matched Wistar Kyoto rats (WKYs) were randomly divided into three groups (8, 16, and 28 weeks). The animals underwent 99mTc-HFAPi imaging and echocardiography.

Fibroblast activation protein imaging in atrial fibrillation: a proof-of-concept study.

Background: To evaluate the feasibility of using radiolabeled fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) PET/CT imaging to assess activated fibroblasts in the atria of individuals with AF and to identify factors contributing to enhanced atrial activity.

Methods: We constructed left atrial appendage (LAA) pacing beagle dog AF models (n = 5) and conducted F-FAPI PET/CT imaging at baseline and eight weeks after pacing. Right atrial (RA) specimens were collected from these models.

Echocardiographic Characteristics of Pulmonary Artery Intimal Sarcoma: Comparison With CTPA.

Objectives: This study examined the echocardiographic characteristics of patients with pulmonary artery intimal sarcoma (PAIS) and compared the results with those from computed tomographic pulmonary angiography (CTPA).

Method: Twenty-six (26) patients were diagnosed with PAIS at the current institution during the study period, and 23 were eligible for analysis. Echocardiography and CTPA examinations were performed in all enrolled patients.

SGLT2i alleviates epicardial adipose tissue inflammation by modulating ketone body-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase malonylation pathway.

Aims: Inflammation in the epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is a contributor to atrial fibrillation. Studies have reported that sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) can alleviate EAT inflammation. However, the mechanism remains elusive.

Skull metastasis is a poor prognostic factor for prostate cancer patients with bone metastasis: a retrospective study based on a Chinese population.

Background: Skull is a relatively rare metastasis site for prostate cancer (PCa). There is no evidence regarding the prognostic indication of skull metastasis (SM) in PCa patients. In this study, we analyzed the prognostic value of SM for metastatic PCa patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT).

Delayed contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging enables detection of pulmonary artery lesions in Takayasu's arteritis.

Background: Delayed contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DE-MRI) is a useful technique to identify arterial wall inflammation. The aim of this study was to explore the value of DE-MRI in the evaluation of pulmonary artery (PA) lesions in Takayasu's arteritis (TAK) compared with F-fuorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (F-FDG PET/CT).

Methods: Patients with TAK were recruited for this prospective, observational study.

Value of 99m Tc-MIBI SPECT/CT in the localization of recurrent lesions in patients with suspected recurrent parathyroid carcinoma.

Purpose: Accurate preoperative localization of tumor-bearing lesions is crucial for the successful surgical management of suspected recurrent parathyroid carcinoma. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of 99m-technetium-labeled methoxyisobutylisonitrile ( 99m Tc-MIBI) single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) and cervical ultrasound, individually and in combination, for preoperative localization of recurrent/metastatic lesions. We also analyzed the value of 99m Tc-MIBI SPECT/CT in detecting ectopic lesions in patients with suspected recurrent parathyroid carcinoma.

18F-FDG PET/CT of Primary Extraskeletal Ewing Sarcoma of the Prostate.

Prostate Ewing sarcoma is rare. We report the 18F-FDG PET/CT finding of a 16-year-old adolescent boy who presented with dysuria and was confirmed to be extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma of the prostate by histopathologic findings.

Myocardial Activity at F-FAPI PET/CT and Risk for Sudden Cardiac Death in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.

Background Myocardial fibrosis contributes to adverse cardiovascular events in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Purpose To explore the characteristics of cardiac fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) PET/CT imaging and its relationship with the risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in HCM. Materials and Methods In this prospective study from July 2021 to January 2022, participants with HCM and healthy control participants underwent cardiac fluorine 18 (F)-labeled FAPI PET/CT imaging.