Assessment of deformation of the mitral valve complex during off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery using three-dimensional echocardiography in a porcine model.

Background: This study aimed to assess the deformation of the mitral valve complex during the displacement of the beating heart by using three-dimensional echocardiography in a porcine off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) model.

Methods: In nine healthy swine, we positioned the beating heart as an OPCAB model, i.e.

AP-1 clathrin adaptor and CG8538/Aftiphilin are involved in Notch signaling during eye development in Drosophila melanogaster.

Clathrin adaptor protein complex-1 (AP-1) and its accessory proteins play a role in the sorting of integral membrane proteins at the trans-Golgi network and endosomes. Their physiological functions in complex organisms, however, are not fully understood. In this study, we found that CG8538p, an uncharacterized Drosophila protein, shares significant structural and functional characteristics with Aftiphilin, a mammalian AP-1 accessory protein.