"Double-Parachute" Mitral Valve.

A 38-year-old asymptomatic man was referred by his general practitioner for a 3/6 systolic heart murmur, which was detected during a routine consultation. Echocardiography revealed a parachute mitral valve associated with a parachute-like membrane, causing significant subaortic obstruction that was eventually surgically resected with an excellent postoperative outcome. ().

[Magnesium in daily practice].

The magnesium is the 4th cation in the human body behind sodium, potassium and calcium. It is often referred to as the forgotten cation of modern medicine because of a lack of knowledge about its physiology and its potential medical use. Recent medical literature has shown renewed interest for the magnesium with publications about its role in diversified fields from prevention of muscular cramps, cardiovascular risk factors prevention trough to neuroprotection in stroke.

Potential effects of TiO nanoparticles and TiCl in saltwater to Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Artemia franciscana.

Nanosized titanium dioxide (nTiO) is widespread in many commercial products and several authors investigated its ecotoxicity effects focusing mainly on freshwater environments. Data on saltwater species are still lacking or present contradicting results. We compared for the first time the toxicity of TiCl and nTiO considering standard toxicity tests with microalgae Phaeodactylum tricornutum (growth inhibition test, 1.

Saltwater ecotoxicology of Ag, Au, CuO, TiO2, ZnO and C60 engineered nanoparticles: An overview.

This review paper examined 529 papers reporting experimental nanoecotoxicological original data. Only 126 papers referred to saltwater environments (water column and sediment) including a huge variety of species (n=51), their relative endpoints and engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) (n=38). We tried to provide a synthetic overview of the ecotoxicological effects of ENPs from existing data, refining papers on the basis of cross-cutting selection criteria and supporting a "mind the gap" approach stressing on missing data for hazard and risk assessment.

Effects of alginate on stability and ecotoxicity of nano-TiO2 in artificial seawater.

The large-scale use of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO₂) in consumer and industrial applications raised environmental health and safety concerns. Potentially impacted ecosystems include estuarine and coastal organisms. Results from ecotoxicological studies with nano-TiO₂ dispersed in salt exposure media are difficult to interpret due to fast flocculation and sedimentation phenomena affecting the dispersion stability.

Ecotoxicity of engineered TiO2 nanoparticles to saltwater organisms: an overview.

The innovative properties of nanomaterials make them suitable for various applications in many fields. In particular, TiO2 nanoparticles (nTiO2) are widely used in paints, in cosmetics and in sunscreens that are products accessible to the mass market. Despite the great increase in the use of such nanomaterials, there is a paucity of general information about their potential effects to the aquatic species, especially to saltwater ones.

Embryotoxicity of TiO2 nanoparticles to Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lmk).

Few data exist on the ecotoxicological effects of nanosized titanium dioxide (nTiO2) towards marine species with specific reference to bivalve molluscs and their relative life stages. Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck was selected to assess the potential adverse effects of nTiO2 (0-64 mg/L) on its early larval development stages (pre-D shell stage, malformed D-shell stage and normal D-shell stage larvae) considering two exposure scenarios characterised by total darkness (ASTM protocol) and natural photoperiod (light/dark). This approach was considered to check the presence of potential effects associated to the photocatalytic properties of nTiO2.