Wastewater-Based Epidemiology for SARS-CoV-2 in Northern Italy: A Spatiotemporal Model.

The study investigated the application of Wastewater-Based Epidemiology (WBE) as a tool for monitoring the SARS-CoV-2 prevalence in a city in northern Italy from October 2021 to May 2023. Based on a previously used deterministic model, this study proposed a variation to account for the population characteristics and virus biodegradation in the sewer network. The model calculated virus loads and corresponding COVID-19 cases over time in different areas of the city and was validated using healthcare data while considering viral mutations, vaccinations, and testing variability.

Anatomy of the Facial Glideplanes, Deep Plane Spaces, and Ligaments: Implications for Surgical and Nonsurgical Lifting Procedures.

Background: The soft-tissue glideplanes of the face are functionally important and have a role in facial rejuvenation surgery. The aim of this study was to improve understanding of soft-tissue mobility of the face and its effect on the redraping of tissues involved in face lifting. The consequences of no-release and extensive-release lifting were analyzed to explain the difference in efficacy and potential longevity between these 2 contrasting philosophies.

The Functional Anatomy and Innervation of the Platysma is Segmental: Implications for Lower Lip Dysfunction, Recurrent Platysmal Bands, and Surgical Rejuvenation.

Background: Despite the central role of the platysma in face and neck rejuvenation, much confusion exists regarding its surgical anatomy.

Objectives: This study was undertaken to clarify the regional anatomy of the platysma and its innervation pattern and to explain clinical phenomena, such as the origin of platysmal bands and their recurrence, and the etiology of lower lip dysfunction after neck lift procedures.

Methods: Fifty-five cadaver heads were studied (16 embalmed, 39 fresh, mean age 75 years).

Lifting the Anterior Midcheek and Nasolabial Fold: Introduction to the Melo Fat Pad Anatomy and Its Role in Longevity and Recurrence.

Background: A limitation of current facelift techniques is the early postoperative reappearance of anterior midcheek laxity associated with recurrence of the nasolabial fold (NLF).

Objectives: This study was undertaken to examine the regional anatomy of the anterior midcheek and NLF with a focus on explaining the early recurrence phenomenon and to explore the possibility of alternative surgical methods that prolong NLF correction.

Methods: Fifty cadaver heads were studied (16 embalmed, 34 fresh; mean age, 75 years).

Unexplained Hyperthyrotropinemia: A Biochemical and Clinical Challenge.

Background: A raised serum TSH in the absence of a clear etiology, or "unexplained hyperthyrotropinemia" (UH), can be challenging for clinicians. The aim of the present study was to evaluate potential strategies aimed at a clinical and biochemical characterization of UH patients.

Methods: We compared 36 patients with UH with a control group of 14 patients with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (CAT) and subclinical hypothyroidism.

The Superficial Musculoaponeurotic System: Does It Really Exist as an Anatomical Entity?

Background: The exact anatomical entity behind the term superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) remains poorly understood. The different interpretations of the term SMAS by anatomists, surgeons, and histologists have caused confusion. This article aims to provide clarity regarding this term and the relevant anatomy.

The Deep Fascia of the Head and Neck Revisited: Relationship with the Facial Nerve and Implications for Rhytidectomy.

Background: The deep fascia is important in face-lift surgery, as it is relied on for protection of the facial nerve during surgical dissection. Lack of consistency with the term may be attributable to the term deep fascia having two different meanings. It is a specific type of connective tissue, classically thin, fibrous, and flat, whereas in the description of the layers of the face and neck, the deep fascia layer includes all the connective tissue deep to the superficial fascia layer.

The Surgical Anatomy of the Jowl and the Mandibular Ligament Reassessed.

Introduction: A visible jowl is a reason patients consider lower facial rejuvenation surgery. The anatomical changes that lead to formation of the jowl remain unclear. The aim of this study was to elucidate the anatomy of the jowl, the mandibular ligament and the labiomandibular crease, and their relationship with the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve.

Enhanced study of facial soft tissues using a novel large scale histology technique.

The safety and effectiveness of facial cosmetic surgery procedures are dependent on detailed 3D understanding of the complex surgical anatomy of the face. Traditional, small sample size anatomical dissection studies have limitations in providing definitive clarification of the fascial layers of the face, and especially in their relationship with the facial nerve, and their reaction to surgical manipulation. The objective study of large tissue areas is required to effectively demonstrate the broader architecture.

Inverted-V Deformity: An Anatomic Study.

Background: The inverted-V deformity is an unwanted aesthetic consequence of dorsal hump resection. Despite their attachment to the nasal bones, the upper lateral cartilages (ULCs) can separate from the nasal bones, creating a step-off after cartilaginous dorsal hump removal.

Objectives: The mechanism of how the ULCs can separate from the nasal bones despite their attachment was studied to improve understanding of the inverted-V complication and its prevention.

Promoting healthy eating in childhood: results from the Children PrOmOting Nutrition throUgh Theatre (COcONUT) project.

Background: Despite several international initiatives aimed to contrast childhood overweight and obesity, these still represent a major public health problem. Recently, the World Health Organization called for a new type of preventive action, requiring stakeholders from both governments and civil society, to play a decisive role in shaping healthy environments, especially for children.

Methods: COcONUT (Children PrOmOting Nutrition throUgh Theatre) was a nutrition education project, involving children aged 5-12 years, aimed to raise awareness on healthy eating, through theatrical and practical workshops.

The cytokine storm and thyroid hormone changes in COVID-19.

Background: COVID-19 is now a worldwide pandemic. Among the many extra-pulmonary manifestations of COVID-19, recent evidence suggested a possible occurrence of thyroid dysfunction.

Purpose: The Aim of the present review is to summarize available studies regarding thyroid function alterations in patients with COVID-19 and to overview the possible physio-pathological explanations.

[MI NUTRO (MIgrants NUTRition knOwledge per l'integrazione): un intervento di educazione alimentare tra gli immigrati, Perugia - uno studio pilota].

Riassunto. Introduzione. MI NUTRO (MIgrants NUTRition knOwledge per l'integrazione) ha avuto come obiettivi: valutare le conoscenze nutrizionali dei migranti, aumentare le informazioni sulla dieta sana e misurare l'effetto delle lezioni di cucina sulle conoscenze.

Harnessing Big Data for Communicable Tropical and Sub-Tropical Disorders: Implications From a Systematic Review of the Literature.

Aim: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), communicable tropical and sub-tropical diseases occur solely, or mainly in the tropics, thriving in hot, and humid conditions. Some of these disorders termed as neglected tropical diseases are particularly overlooked. Communicable tropical/sub-tropical diseases represent a diverse group of communicable disorders occurring in 149 countries, favored by tropical and sub-tropical conditions, affecting more than one billion people and imposing a dramatic societal and economic burden.

Pre-pregnancy body mass index, gestational weight gain and adverse birth outcomes: some evidence from Italy.

Background: Overweight and obese women present an increased risk of poor maternal and child health outcomes. The aim of this paper is to analyze the joint effects of pre-pregnancy body mass index and inadequate gestational weight gain on birth weight and gestational age in an Italian sample of pregnant women.

Methods: Data were obtained from a sample of about 2,000 pregnant women at the University Teaching Hospital of Perugia University (Italy) in 2013.

Predictability of hypoadrenalism occurrence and duration after adrenalectomy for ACTH-independent hypercortisolism.

Objective: To evaluate if the parameters of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity could predict the occurrence and duration of post-surgical hypocortisolism (PSH) in patients with Cushing's syndrome (CS) and with adrenal incidentaloma (AI).

Methods: We studied 80 patients (54 females, age 53.3 ± 11 years), who underwent adrenalectomy for CS (17 patients) or for AI (53 patients).

[Employment status and perceived health in Italy: data from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) longitudinal study].

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between employment status (permanent employment, fixed-term employment, unemployment, other) and perceived health status in a sample of the Italian population. Data was obtained from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Condition (EU-SILC) study during the period 2009 - 2012. The sample consists of 4,848 individuals, each with a complete record of observations during four years for a total of 19,392 observations.

Dietary Intake of Meat Cooking-Related Mutagens (HCAs) and Risk of Colorectal Adenoma and Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Much evidence suggests that the positive association between meat intake and colorectal adenoma (CRA) and cancer (CRC) risk is mediated by mutagenic compounds generated during cooking at high temperature. A number of epidemiological studies have estimated the effect of meat-related mutagens intake on CRC/CRA risk with contradictory and sometimes inconsistent results. A literature search was carried out (PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus) to identify articles reporting the relationship between the intake of meat-related mutagens (2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f] quinoxaline (MeIQx), 2-amino-3,4,8-trimethylimidazo[4,5-f] quinoxaline: DiMeIQx, benzo(a) pyrene (B(a)P) and "meat derived mutagenic activity" (MDM)) and CRC/CRA risk.

Road Traffic Pollution and Childhood Leukemia: A Nationwide Case-control Study in Italy.

Background: The association of childhood leukemia with traffic pollution was considered in a number of studies from 1989 onwards, with results not entirely consistent and little information regarding subtypes.

Aim Of The Study: We used the data of the Italian SETIL case-control on childhood leukemia to explore the risk by leukemia subtypes associated to exposure to vehicular traffic.

Methods: We included in the analyses 648 cases of childhood leukemia (565 Acute lymphoblastic-ALL and 80 Acute non lymphoblastic-AnLL) and 980 controls.

Health and income inequalities in Europe: What is the role of circumstances?

Equality of opportunity theories distinguish between inequalities due to individual effort and those due to external circumstances. Recent research has shown that half of the variability in income of World population was determined by country of birth and income distribution. Since health and income are generally strictly related, the aim of this paper is to estimate how much variability in income and health is determined by external circumstances.