[Classical cortical superficial siderosis presenting as extensive higher brain dysfunction with hypoperfusion in the frontoparietal lobe on the I-IMP-SPECT: a case report].

A 72-year-old male developed neurological symptoms such as difficulty in charging his electronic money card and making his mobile-phone call ten months before admission. On admission, neurological examination revealed extensive higher brain dysfunction such as impairment in recent memory, executive function disorders, constructional disturbance, agraphia and acalculia. Brain MRI revealed a low intensity lesion on the surface of the cerebral cortex diffusely and symmetrically on T*-weighted images.

A case of systemic lupus erythematosus associated with cerebral arteritis: a case report and case-based literature review.

A 62-year-old female patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was admitted for cerebral infarction. The magnetic resonance angiography showed focal narrowing of the cerebral arteries that was initially considered as atherosclerosis due to her cardiovascular risk factors. Ten weeks later, she was again admitted for multiple cerebral infarctions.

Initial deterioration and intravenous methylprednisolone therapy in patients with myasthenia gravis.

Introduction: In myasthenia gravis (MG) patients on intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) therapy, initial deterioration should be carefully monitored because it may cause myasthenic crisis. The aim of this study was to investigate the onset, duration and related factors of initial deterioration from the first IVMP in MG patients.

Methods: A total dose of IVMP in the first cycle of 750 mg or less, over 750 to 1500 mg, and over 1500 to 3000 mg was used in the analysis.

Anti-HMGCR Antibody-Positive Myopathy Shows Bcl-2-Positive Inflammation and Lymphocytic Accumulations.

Anti-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) and antisignal recognition particle (SRP) antibodies are frequently associated with immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM). However, the difference in clinical manifestations between anti-HMGCR and anti-SRP antibodies is unclear. HMGCR is an essential enzyme for cholesterol biosynthesis and is inhibited by statins that regulate apoptosis of Bcl-2-positive and beta chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4)-positive lymphoma cells.

ToF-SIMS Depth Profiling of Organic Delta Layers with Low-Energy Cesium Ions: Depth Resolution Assessment.

The advent of cluster ion beams has paved the way to the routine 3D analysis of organic heterojunctions. Alternatively, organic thin layers have also been successfully depth profiled with a low-energy cesium ion beam (Cs), to exploit the high chemical reactivity of cesium atoms, acting as free-radical scavengers. Despite of this, little is known about the depth resolution associated with low-energy Cs sputtering on organic multilayers.

CBP501 inhibits EGF-dependent cell migration, invasion and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of non-small cell lung cancer cells by blocking KRas to calmodulin binding.

The anti-cancer agent CBP501 binds to calmodulin (CaM). Recent studies showed that migration and metastasis are inhibited by several CaM antagonists. However, there is no available evidence that CBP501 has similar effects.

CBP501 suppresses macrophage induced cancer stem cell like features and metastases.

CBP501 is an anti-cancer drug candidate which has been shown to increase cis-diamminedichloro-platinum (II) (CDDP) uptake into cancer cell through calmodulin (CaM) inhibition. However, the effects of CBP501 on the cells in the tumor microenvironment have not been addressed. Here, we investigated new aspects of the potential anti-tumor mechanism of action of CBP501 by examining its effects on the macrophages.

ErbB1 and ErbB4 generate opposing signals regulating mesenchymal cell proliferation during valvulogenesis.

Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) plays an indispensable role in suppression of cell proliferation during mouse valvulogenesis. However, ligands of the EGF receptor (EGFR/ErbB1), including HB-EGF, are generally considered as growth-promoting factors, as shown in cancers. HB-EGF binds to and activates ErbB1 and ErbB4.

Not All That Glitters Is Gold: Metal-Migration-Induced Degradation in Perovskite Solar Cells.

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have now achieved efficiencies in excess of 22%, but very little is known about their long-term stability under thermal stress. So far, stability reports have hinted at the importance of substituting the organic components, but little attention has been given to the metal contact. We investigated the stability of state-of-the-art PSCs with efficiencies exceeding 20%.

Comparison between 5-day aprepitant and single-dose fosaprepitant meglumine for preventing nausea and vomiting induced by cisplatin-based chemotherapy.

Purpose: We aimed to compare the preventive effect of 5-day administration of aprepitant with single administration of fosaprepitant meglumine against nausea and vomiting symptoms due to highly emetogenic chemotherapy regimens comprising cisplatin (CDDP).

Methods: Subjects were inpatients who underwent chemotherapy for gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, lung cancer, or head and neck cancer with a regimen comprising 60 mg/m(2) or higher dose of CDDP. In this randomised, open-label, controlled study, the subjects were assigned to a group given aprepitant for 5 days or a group given a single administration of fosaprepitant meglumine.

Synaptic modulation of excitatory synaptic transmission by nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in spinal ventral horn neurons.

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are distributed widely in the central nervous system and play important roles in higher brain functions, including learning, memory, and recognition. However, functions of the cholinergic system in spinal motoneurons remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the actions of presynaptic and postsynaptic nAChRs in spinal ventral horn neurons by performing whole-cell patch-clamp recordings on lumbar slices from male rats.

Activation of Nrf2 pathways correlates with resistance of NSCLC cell lines to CBP501 in vitro.

CBP501 is an anticancer drug candidate that was investigated in two randomized phase II clinical trials for patients with nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). CBP501 has been shown to have two mechanisms of action, namely calmodulin modulation and G2 checkpoint abrogation. Here, we searched for a biomarker to predict sensitivity to CBP501.

Characterization of the phd-doc and ccd toxin-antitoxin cassettes from Vibrio superintegrons.

Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems have been reported in the genomes of most bacterial species, and their role when located on the chromosome is still debated. TA systems are particularly abundant in the massive cassette arrays associated with chromosomal superintegrons (SI). Here, we describe the characterization of two superintegron cassettes encoding putative TA systems.

CBP501-calmodulin binding contributes to sensitizing tumor cells to cisplatin and bleomycin.

CBP501 is an anticancer drug currently in randomized phase II clinical trials for patients with non-small cell lung cancer and malignant pleural mesothelioma. CBP501 was originally described as a unique G(2) checkpoint-directed agent that binds to 14-3-3, inhibiting the actions of Chk1, Chk2, mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 2, and C-Tak1. However, unlike a G(2) checkpoint inhibitor, CBP501 clearly enhances the accumulation of tumor cells at G(2)-M phase that is induced by cisplatin or bleomycin at low doses and short exposure.

HB-EGF function in cardiac valve development requires interaction with heparan sulfate proteoglycans.

HB-EGF, a member of the EGF family of growth factors, plays an important role in cardiac valve development by suppressing mesenchymal cell proliferation. Here, we show that HB-EGF must interact with heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) to properly function in this process. In developing valves, HB-EGF is synthesized in endocardial cells but accumulates in the mesenchyme by interacting with HSPGs.

New toxins homologous to ParE belonging to three-component toxin-antitoxin systems in Escherichia coli O157:H7.

Type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are considered as protein pairs in which a specific toxin is associated with a specific antitoxin. We have identified a novel antitoxin family (paaA) that is associated with parE toxins. The paaA-parE gene pairs form an operon with a third component (paaR) encoding a transcriptional regulator.

The decay of the chromosomally encoded ccdO157 toxin-antitoxin system in the Escherichia coli species.

The origin and the evolution of toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems remain to be uncovered. TA systems are abundant in bacterial chromosomes and are thought to be part of the flexible genome that originates from horizontal gene transfer. To gain insight into TA system evolution, we analyzed the distribution of the chromosomally encoded ccdO157 system in 395 natural isolates of Escherichia coli.

BMP antagonism is required in both the node and lateral plate mesoderm for mammalian left-right axis establishment.

In mouse, left-right (L-R) patterning depends on asymmetric expression of Nodal around the node, leading to Nodal expression specifically in the left lateral plate mesoderm (LPM). Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling is also involved, but the mechanistic relationship with Nodal expression remains unclear. We find that BMP signal transduction is higher in the right LPM, although Bmp4, which is required for L-R patterning, is expressed symmetrically.

Chromosomal toxin-antitoxin systems may act as antiaddiction modules.

Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are widespread among bacterial chromosomes and mobile genetic elements. Although in plasmids TA systems have a clear role in their vertical inheritance by selectively killing plasmid-free daughter cells (postsegregational killing or addiction phenomenon), the physiological role of chromosomally encoded ones remains under debate. The assumption that chromosomally encoded TA systems are part of stress response networks and/or programmed cell death machinery has been called into question recently by the observation that none of the five canonical chromosomally encoded TA systems in the Escherichia coli chromosome seem to confer any selective advantage under stressful conditions (V.

Diagnostic accuracy of tumor markers for hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review.

Background and aims The role of alphafetoprotein (AFP) in the diagnosis and surveillance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is getting smaller owing to the advances in imaging modalities. The aims of this study were to assess the diagnostic accuracy of tumor markers in small HCC and to find the optimal cutoff value of each tumor marker for efficient surveillance. Methods Studies in all languages were identified by searching MEDLINE from 1982 to 2002.

Molecular depth-profiling of polycarbonate with low-energy Cs+ ions.

In this work, we explored the possibility of performing molecular depth-profiling by using very low-energy (about 200 eV) monoatomic Cs(+) ions. We show, for the first time, that this simple approach is successful on polymer layers of polycarbonate (PC). Under 200 eV Cs(+) irradiation of PC, a fast decrease of all characteristic negatively charged molecular ion signals is first observed but, rather surprisingly, these signals reach a minimum before rising again.

What is the benefit to Escherichia coli of having multiple toxin-antitoxin systems in its genome?

The Escherichia coli K-12 chromosome encodes at least five proteic toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems. The mazEF and relBE systems have been extensively characterized and were proposed to be general stress response modules. On one hand, mazEF was proposed to act as a programmed cell death system that is triggered by a variety of stresses.

Purification and crystallization of Vibrio fischeri CcdB and its complexes with fragments of gyrase and CcdA.

The ccd toxin-antitoxin module from the Escherichia coli F plasmid has a homologue on the Vibrio fischeri integron. The homologue of the toxin (CcdB(Vfi)) was crystallized in two different crystal forms. The first form belongs to space group I23 or I2(1)3, with unit-cell parameter a = 84.