Ursodeoxycholic acid ameliorates erectile dysfunction and corporal fibrosis in diabetic rats by inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smad2 pathway.

Corporal tissue fibrosis is critical in diabetes-associated erectile dysfunction. Transforming growth factor-β1/Small mothers against decapentaplegic-2 (TGF-β1/Smad2) contributes to the induction of fibrosis in corporal tissue. Smad7 is accepted as a general negative regulator of Smad signaling, although its role in corporal fibrosis is unknown.

Effects of maternal modafinil treatment on fetal development and neonatal growth parameters - a multicenter case series of the European Network of Teratology Information Services (ENTIS).

Objective: In recent years, safety concerns about modafinil exposure during pregnancy have emerged. In particular, increased risks for major congenital anomalies (MCA) and impaired fetal growth were reported, although study results were conflicting. Our investigation aims to examine previously reported safety signals.

Uroprotective effect of pantoprazole against cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis in mice.

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential uroprotective effect of pantoprazole (PPZ) in a mouse model of cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

Methods: Balb/c mice received a single intraperitoneal (i.p.

Pregnancy outcomes in women on metformin for diabetes or other indications among those seeking teratology information services.

Aims: Metformin is used to treat type 2 diabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome associated infertility, and gestational diabetes. This study aims to evaluate the safety of metformin in early pregnancy.

Method: We evaluated the risk of major birth defects and pregnancy losses in a cohort of pregnant women exposed to metformin during the first trimester for different indications relative to a matched unexposed reference group.

Evaluation of in vivo analgesic activity of Scrophularia kotscyhana and isolation of bioactive compounds through activity-guided fractionation.

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the in vivo analgesic activities of the extracts prepared from the aerial parts and roots of Scrophularia kotscyhana and to isolate the bioactive metabolites from the most active extract. Analgesic activities of all extracts and subextracts at the doses of 5, 10 and 30 mg/kg (i.p.

Pregnancy outcome after TNF-α inhibitor therapy during the first trimester: a prospective multicentre cohort study.

Aims: TNF-α inhibitors are considered relatively safe in pregnancy but experience is still limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of major birth defects, spontaneous abortion, preterm birth and reduced birth weight after first trimester exposure to TNF-α inhibitors.

Methods: Pregnancy outcomes of women on adalimumab, infliximab, etanercept, certolizumab pegol or golimumab were evaluated in a prospective observational cohort study and compared with outcomes of a non-exposed random sample.

Does an alkaline environment prevent the development of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw? An experimental study in rats.

Objective: To investigate the preventive effect of locally applied sodium bicarbonate on bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ).

Study Design: Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups. Animals in group I received 0.

Jaw bone changes in rats after treatment with zoledronate and pamidronate.

Objective: The aim of this study was to histopathologically evaluate the effects of pamidronate and zoledronate on the mandible in an animal model.

Study Design: Sixty female Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. Animals were divided into 6 groups (10 per group): control-1 (C1), injected with saline solution for 6 weeks; zoledronate-1 (ZA1), injected with zoledronate for 6 weeks; pamidronate-1 (PA1), injected with pamidronate for 6 weeks; control-2 (C2), injected with saline solution for 8 weeks; zoledronate-2 (ZA2), injected with zoledronate for 8 weeks; and pamidronate-2 (PA2), injected with pamidronate for 8 weeks.

The effects of carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum on ovarian blood flow, oxidative stress markers, and morphology during laparoscopy: a rabbit model.

Objective: To determine the effect of CO(2) pneumoperitoneum on the ovaries in an experimental pneumoperitoneum model.

Design: Experimental controlled study.

Setting: University hospital.

Effects of papaverine and carbon dioxide alone or in combination on the blood flow of internal thoracic artery.

Objective: The internal thoracic artery is frequently used as an arterial graft for coronary bypass. Spasms of internal thoracic artery may contribute to early myocardial ischemia. To prevent vasospasm and increase the blood flow, some vasodilatory agents (such as carbon dioxide or papaverine) are used.