The inhibitory effect of escitalopram on mouse detrusor contractility: The role of L-type calcium channels.

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are associated with urinary problems attributed to their central effects. ESC is a preferred SSRI and several case reports described that ESC is related to urinary retention. However, the direct effect of ESC on detrusor contractility is still not completely elucidated.

Trimetazidine attenuates cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis by inhibiting TLR4-mediated NFκB signaling in mice.

Aim: Cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced cystitis is a challenging clinical problem involving inflammation and dysfunction of bladder. Trimetazidine (TMZ) is an anti-anginal drug with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. We aimed to investigate the protective effects of TMZ in CP-induced cystitis via inhibiting TLR4/NFκB signaling.

Anti-inflammatory secondary metabolites from .

The species belonging to genus grow mainly in Irano-Turanian and Mediterranean regions and have been used as folk remedy for inflammatory-related diseases since ancient times. The present study was aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts of as well as the isolated compounds. The aerial parts and the roots of the plant were separately extracted with methanol.

Double benefit of metformin treatment: improved bladder function in cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis and enhanced cytotoxicity in cancer cells.

Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a widely used anti-neoplastic drug; however, it leads to bladder dysfunction in the form of hemorrhagic cystitis that is a serious dose-limiting complication in cancer patients. We aimed to evaluate the protective effects of metformin (MET) in a mouse model of CP-related cystitis in parallel with its effect on CP-induced cytotoxicity in a breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231. Cystitis was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of CP (300 mg/kg), and mice were administered MET, mesna, or vehicle treatment.

Pregnancy outcome following first-trimester exposure to fingolimod: A collaborative ENTIS study.

This prospective multicentre cohort study investigated pregnancy outcomes after fingolimod use for multiple sclerosis during pregnancy. Pregnancy outcomes of 63 fingolimod and 62 interferon-β-exposed pregnancies were compared. Rates of major congenital anomalies (MCA) were 4.

Uroprotective effect of ambroxol in cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis in mice.

Purpose: Hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) is defined as any types of acute or chronic inflammation of urinary bladder with several reasons. One of the most common causes of HC is cyclophosphamide (CYP), an effective antineoplastic agent, due to its urotoxic potential. Ambroxol (AMB) is a mucoactive drug that has been used for numerous respiratory diseases.

Trimebutine maleate relaxes the isolated rat thoracic aorta: The role of nitric oxide and L-type calcium channels.

Trimebutine maleate (TMB), a widely prescribed drug for functional gastrointestinal disorders, has been reported to regulate smooth muscle contractility by modulating multiple ion channel activities in the gastrointestinal tract. However, its action on isolated aorta has not yet been reported. The aim of the present study was to evaluate in vitro vasorelaxant properties and the underlying pharmacological mechanisms of TMB in isolated rat thoracic aortic rings.

Pregnancy outcome following maternal exposure to pregabalin may call for concern.

Objective: To investigate pregnancy outcomes following maternal use of pregabalin.

Methods: This multicenter, observational prospective cohort study compared pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to pregabalin with those of matched controls (not exposed to any medications known to be teratogenic or to any antiepileptic drugs). Teratology Information Services systematically collected data between 2004 and 2013.

The role of nitric oxide in Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity: experimental study.

Objective: We evaluated the myocardial damage in rats treated with doxorubicin (DOX) alone and in combination with nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-four male Sprague Dawley rats (12 weeks old, weighing 262±18 g) were randomly assigned into 4 groups (n=6). Group I was the control group.

The effect of simvastatin on picrotoxin-induced seizure in mice.

Objective: To study the effect of simvastatin on picrotoxin-induce seizures in mice in order to understand the impact of gabaergic system on neuronal cell death.

Methods: The study was held between July and September 2011, at the Karadeniz Technical University in Trabzon, Turkey. Balb/c mice weighting 20-40g were randomly selected and divided into five groups of six each.

The effects of sertraline on blood lipids, glucose, insulin and HBA1C levels: A prospective clinical trial on depressive patients.

Background: In this study, we aimed to investigate the possible effects of sertraline on blood glucose and lipid levels as risk factors for cardiovascular disease in depressive patients.

Methods: Eight male and twelve female depressive patients, diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria, were included in this study. The subjects aged 19-50 years, did not smoke, and had normal body mass index (BMI), homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values, blood pressure, blood glucose, insulin and lipid levels.

Paroxetine inhibited the relaxations induced by EFS in mice corpus cavernosum: is it a NOS inhibition?

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders but are associated with high incidence of sexual dysfunction such as ejaculation disorders by sertraline and fluoxetine, erection disorders by paroxetine. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of paroxetine, sertraline and fluoxetine on relaxation of smooth muscle of corpus cavernosum on the basis of nitric oxide (NO). Male mice were killed by cervical dislocation and their penile tissues were immediately removed.

Antinociceptive effects of fluoxetine and paroxetine with their related actions on glycemia in mice.

Objectives: Clinical and experimental trials have demonstrated that some of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have some suspicious effects on blood glucose levels in different directions. Especially fluoxetine and sertraline are studied in this point of view. These drugs are also used in treatment of depression and peripheral neuropathy in diabetic patients.

Acute alterations in biochemistry, morphology and contractility of rat isolated urinary bladder via increased intra-abdominal pressure.

Objective: To determine the acute effects of increased intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) on the biochemistry, morphology and contractility of the rat isolated urinary bladder using an experimental laparoscopy model.

Methods: We divided 24 adult female Sprague-Dawley rats into three groups. The control group (group I) was not subjected to increased IAP.

Effect of gender on antinociceptive effect of paroxetine in hot plate test in mice.

Purpose: Many studies have reported both a gender difference in the rates of depression and its treatment by using any of the widely used antidepressant drug groups. Some studies suggest that females respond more poorly to tricyclic antidepressants than males and appear to respond better to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI). There is no study investigating the analgesic/antinociceptive effects of antidepressant drugs on the basis of gender difference.

The acute alterations in biochemistry, morphology, and contractility of rat-isolated terminal ileum via increased intra-abdominal pressure.

Aim And Scope: To determine the acute effects of increased intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) on the biochemistry, morphology, and contractility of the isolated terminal ileum of rats.

Background: Laparoscopic procedures are used clinically in diagnostic and treatment modalities and experimentally as a model of ischemia-reperfusion injury induced by the elevation of IAP. Although some clinical and in vivo experimental studies investigate the results of ischemia-reperfusion injury whether induced by elevated IAP or clamping, there is no in vitro study that has investigated the acute effects of high IAP mimicked by a laparoscopic intervention in any of the intra-abdominal organs (like terminal ileum) on the basis of contractility which represents the motility.

The contracting and relaxing responses of human internal mammary artery grafts harvested by two different methods.

Perioperative spasm of internal mammary artery is a common experience in coronary artery bypass grafting. Many techniques were described of harvesting the internal mammary artery to prevent vasospasm. We investigated the comparison of the contracting and relaxing responses of human internal mammary artery grafts harvested by two different methods.

A case of rosiglitazone exposure in the second trimester of pregnancy.

Aim: Data about rosiglitazone use in pregnancy is limited. We aimed to present a pregnant woman who exposed to rosiglitazone in the second trimester and the fetal outcome.

Subject: The case was a 42-year-old, multigravid Caucasian woman with a history of diabetes mellitus type II for 4 years prior to her current pregnancy.

Psychotropic drugs in pregnancy: a case-control study.

Psychotropic drug exposure during pregnancy is a common problem. Among the 601 cases exposed to drugs during pregnancy, who were followed by our Toxicology Information and Follow-up Service, 124 cases had used psychotropic drugs for depression, anxiety, or psychotic disorders. As the control group, 248 women, who did not use any drugs were selected.

The different roles of 5-HT(2) and 5-HT(3) receptors on antinociceptive effect of paroxetine in chemical stimuli in mice.

Serotonin (5-HT) is known to be an important mediator in pain modulation. Some centrally acting agents, like selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), modulate pain. Activation of the endogenous opioid mechanisms or potentiation of analgesic effect by serotonergic and/or noradrenergic pathways might be involved in antinociception of SSRIs.

Newer antidepressants in pregnancy: prospective outcome of a case series.

Antidepressant drug choice in pregnancy is a complex problem especially for new drugs. Among 590 cases exposed to drugs during pregnancy who were followed by our center, 21 cases used newer antidepressants, i.e.

Sibutramine use in pregnancy: report of two cases.

Background: Sibutramine is a drug used for the medical treatment of obesity. No data are available on sibutramine use in pregnancy. We report the fetal outcomes of two pregnant women exposed to sibutramine.

Normal pregnancy outcome following inadvertent exposure to rosiglitazone, gliclazide, and atorvastatin in a diabetic and hypertensive woman.

The subject is a diabetic and hypertensive woman treated early during an unplanned pregnancy with a multi-drug regimen that included three drugs with no prior history for use in pregnant women (rosiglitazone, gliclazide, atorvastatin). She was under care for chronic hypertension, which she suffered for 14 years, and diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, anxiety disorder, morbid obesity and epilepsia for 5 years. She was exposed to rosiglitazone (4mg/day), gliclazide (60mg/day), and atorvastatin (40mg/day) in addition to acarbose, spironolactone, hydrochlorothiazide, carbamazepine, thioridazine, amitryptiline, chlordiazepoxide, and pipenzolate bromide during the first 7 weeks of gestation while unaware of pregnancy.