Spontaneous baroreflex measures are unable to detect age-related impairments in cardiac baroreflex function during dynamic exercise in humans.

The dynamic relationship between 'spontaneous' fluctuations in arterial blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) is increasingly being used to provide an estimate of resting cardiac baroreflex sensitivity. Given the ease of use and clinical utility, spontaneous methods are now also being used to examine cardiac baroreflex sensitivity in distinct subject groups during various laboratory stressors and tasks encountered during daily life, such as physical activity. However, the utility of such spontaneous measures to estimate cardiac baroreflex function during exercise remains unclear, particularly when comparing groups.

Testicular microlithiasis and its relation to testicular cancer on ultrasound findings of symptomatic men.

Purpose: We reviewed testicular microlithiasis (TM) on scrotal ultrasound in relation to the incidence of testicular neoplasm in males 17 to 45 years old with scrotal symptoms.

Materials And Methods: We reviewed the radiographic and medical records of males age 4 weeks to 84 years with symptomatic complaint of scrotal pain or swelling between September 1998 and April 2002. Subgroup analysis was performed on 160 male patients between 17 and 45 years old since they were at higher risk for testicular carcinoma.