HIV Associated Lung Cancer: Unique Clinicopathologic Features and Immune Biomarkers Impacting Lung Cancer Screening and Management.

Objectives: Lung cancer contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality in people with HIV (PWH). We study the clinicopathologic characteristics and immune microenvironment in HIV associated lung cancer.

Material And Methods: Clinicopathological characteristics including immunotherapy outcomes were collected for 174 PWH diagnosed with lung cancer.

Waist-to-height ratio associated cardiometabolic risk phenotype in children with overweight/obesity.

Background: Childhood overweight/obesity has been associated with an elevated risk of insulin resistance and cardiometabolic disorders. Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) may be a simple screening tool to quickly identify children at elevated risk for cardiometabolic disorders. The primary objective of the present study was to create sex-specific tertile cut points of WHtR and assess its association with Insulin resistance and elevated liver enzyme concentrations in children, factors using cross-sectional data from the randomized, controlled Family Weight Management Study.

Short- and Long-Term Progression of Kidney Involvement in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients with Low-Grade Proteinuria.

Background And Objectives: Lupus nephritis remains a common cause of morbidity and mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Current guidelines recommend performing a kidney biopsy at a urine protein-creatinine ratio of ≥0.5 g/g.

ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL NEEDS WITH UNCONTROLLED VIREMIA IN PEOPLE WITH HIV.

Using a tool integrated into the electronic health record, we determined prevalence of 10 social needs among 377 people with HIV (PWH) and 27,833 patients without HIV receiving care in the Montefiore Health System. PWH (median age 53) were 55% women, 41% Black, 44% Hispanic. 33% of PWH reported at least one social need vs.

Spillover Effects of a Family-Based Childhood Weight-Management Intervention on Parental Nutrient Biomarkers and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors.

Background: Parental involvement has been shown to favorably affect childhood weight-management interventions, but whether these interventions influence parental diet and cardiometabolic health outcomes is unclear.

Objectives: The aim was to evaluate whether a 1-y family-based childhood weight-management intervention altered parental nutrient biomarker concentrations and cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRFs).

Methods: Secondary analysis from a randomized-controlled, parallel-arm clinical trial (NCT00851201).

Molecular markers of risk of subsequent invasive breast cancer in women with ductal carcinoma in situ: protocol for a population-based cohort study.

Introduction: Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast is a non-obligate precursor of invasive breast cancer (IBC). Many DCIS patients are either undertreated or overtreated. The overarching goal of the study described here is to facilitate detection of patients with DCIS at risk of IBC development.

Brief Report: Acute Kidney Injury in People Living With HIV Hospitalized With Coronavirus Disease 2019: Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes.

Background: Data on clinical characteristics and outcomes of people living with HIV (PLWH) hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who develop acute kidney injury (AKI) are limited.

Setting: Large tertiary health care system in the Bronx, NY.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of 83 PLWH and 4151 patients without HIV hospitalized with COVID-19 from March 10, 2020, to May 11, 2020.

Risk factors for breast cancer development by tumor characteristics among women with benign breast disease.

Background: Among women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer, 30% have a prior diagnosis of benign breast disease (BBD). Thus, it is important to identify factors among BBD patients that elevate invasive cancer risk. In the general population, risk factors differ in their associations by clinical pathologic features; however, whether women with BBD show etiologic heterogeneity in the types of breast cancers they develop remains unknown.

Infiltrating immune cells in benign breast disease and risk of subsequent invasive breast cancer.

Background: It is well established that tumors are antigenic and can induce an immune response by the host, entailing lymphocytic infiltration of the tumor and surrounding stroma. The extent and composition of the immune response to the tumor, assessed through evaluation of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte counts, has been shown in many studies to have prognostic and predictive value for invasive breast cancer, but currently, there is little evidence regarding the association between infiltrating immune cell counts (IICCs) in women with benign breast disease (BBD) and risk of subsequent invasive breast cancer.

Methods: Using a cohort of 15,395 women biopsied for BBD at Kaiser Permanente Northwest, we conducted a nested case-control study in which cases were women who developed a subsequent invasive breast cancer during follow-up and controls were individually matched to cases on age at BBD diagnosis.

Clinical Outcomes and Inflammatory Markers by HIV Serostatus and Viral Suppression in a Large Cohort of Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19.

Background: Limited data exist about clinical outcomes and levels of inflammatory and immune markers among people hospitalized with COVID-19 by HIV serostatus and by HIV viral suppression.

Setting: Large tertiary care health system in the Bronx, NY, USA.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 4613 SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive patients admitted between March 10, 2020, and May 11, 2020.

Algorithm to identify transgender and gender nonbinary individuals among people living with HIV performs differently by age and ethnicity.

Purpose: HIV research among transgender and gender nonbinary (TGNB) people is limited by lack of gender identity data collection. We designed an EHR-based algorithm to identify TGNB people among people living with HIV (PLWH) when gender identity was not systematically collected.

Methods: We applied EHR-based search criteria to all PLWH receiving care at a large urban health system between 1997 and 2017, then confirmed gender identity by chart review.

Effect of a Family-Based Intervention on Nutrient Biomarkers, Desaturase Enzyme Activities, and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Children with Overweight and Obesity.

Background: Developing dietary strategies to prevent excess weight gain during childhood is critical to stem the current obesity epidemic and associated adverse cardiometabolic consequences.

Objectives: We aimed to assess how participation in a family-based weight-management intervention affected nutrient biomarkers and cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRFs) in children (7-12 y old;  = 321) with baseline BMI score (BMI) ≥85th percentile.

Methods: This was a secondary analysis from a randomized-controlled, parallel-arm clinical trial.

Hispanics/Latinos in the Bronx Have Improved Survival in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Compared with Non-Hispanic Whites.

Background: Hispanics/Latinos are a growing yet understudied population in the United States (US). Despite lower socioeconomic status, Hispanics/Latinos tend to have similar or better health outcomes than Non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs). This phenomenon has not been conclusively studied for lung cancer.

Triggers of Lapse and Relapse of Diet and Exercise in Behavioral Weight Loss.

Objective: This study aimed to (1) develop instruments to evaluate situations that lead to lapse and relapse in diet and exercise and (2) prospectively investigate when and which psychosocial situations predict failure to lose weight in a clinical trial of intentional weight loss.

Methods: Participants were 469 individuals with overweight or obesity participating in a behavioral weight loss program (age: mean = 53.6 years, SD = 11.

Home Environment Factors and Health Behaviors of Low-income, Overweight, and Obese Youth.

Home environment may influence children's health behaviors associated with obesity. In this study, we examined home environment factors associated with diet and physical activity behaviors of overweight or obese youth. We analyzed baseline data from child and parent/caregiver dyads enrolled in an urban family weight management program.

A miRNA Expression Signature in Breast Tumor Tissue Is Associated with Risk of Distant Metastasis.

Dysregulation of miRNA expression may influence breast cancer progression, and experimental evidence suggests that miRNA silencing might suppress breast cancer metastasis. However, the relationship between miRNA and metastasis must be confirmed before this approach can be applied in the clinic. To this end, we conducted a two-stage study in a cohort of 3,760 patients with breast cancer to first identify and then validate the association between miRNA expression and risk of distant metastasis.

Somatic mutations in benign breast disease tissue and risk of subsequent invasive breast cancer.

Background: Insights into the molecular pathogenesis of breast cancer might come from molecular analysis of tissue from early stages of the disease.

Methods: We conducted a case-control study nested in a cohort of women who had biopsy-confirmed benign breast disease (BBD) diagnosed between 1971 and 2006 at Kaiser Permanente Northwest and who were followed to mid-2015 to ascertain subsequent invasive breast cancer (IBC); cases (n = 218) were women with BBD who developed subsequent IBC and controls, individually matched (1:1) to cases, were women with BBD who did not develop IBC in the same follow-up interval as that for the corresponding case. Targeted sequence capture and sequencing were performed for 83 genes of importance in breast cancer.

Missed Opportunities for HIV Prevention: Individuals Who HIV Seroconverted Despite Accessing Healthcare.

Individuals with a negative HIV test before a positive one (seroconverters) may represent missed opportunities for prevention. To inform HIV prevention strategies, we aimed to characterize patients who seroconverted despite accessing care. We identified patients at a large, urban healthcare system who seroconverted between 2009 and 2014.

Correction to: Association between lifestyle, menstrual/reproductive history, and histological factors and risk of breast cancer in women biopsied for benign breast disease.

The third category for extent of involution in Table 4 was published incorrectly in the original publication. The correct classification is ≥ 75% and the corrected Table 4 is given in the Correction article.

MicroRNA expression in benign breast tissue and risk of subsequent invasive breast cancer.

MicroRNAs are endogenous, small non-coding RNAs that control gene expression by directing their target mRNAs for degradation and/or posttranscriptional repression. Abnormal expression of microRNAs is thought to contribute to the development and progression of cancer. A history of benign breast disease (BBD) is associated with increased risk of subsequent breast cancer.

Embedding weight management into safety-net pediatric primary care: randomized controlled trial.

Background: Implementing evidence-based recommendations for treating pediatric overweight and obesity is challenging in low-resource settings. We conducted a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effects of implementing the American Academy of Pediatrics overweight/obesity recommendations using a Standard Care approach alone or with the addition of an enhanced program in a safety-net pediatric primary care setting (located in Bronx, New York, United States).

Methods: In a 12-month trial, families of children (age 7-12 years; body mass index ≥85th American percentile for age and sex; 74% self-identified as Hispanic/Latino; n = 360) were randomly assigned to receive Standard Care Alone or Standard Care + Enhanced Program.

Association between lifestyle, menstrual/reproductive history, and histological factors and risk of breast cancer in women biopsied for benign breast disease.

Purpose: Women with benign breast disease (BBD) have an increased risk of subsequent breast cancer. However, whether conventional breast cancer risk factors influence risk of breast cancer among women with BBD is unclear. In this study, we investigated the associations of lifestyle, menstrual/reproductive, and histological factors with risk of breast cancer among women biopsied for BBD.

Risk of Recurrence and Mortality in a Multi-Ethnic Breast Cancer Population.

Background: Compared to non-Hispanic whites, African-American women tend to be diagnosed with breast cancer at an earlier age, to have less favorable tumor characteristics, and to have poorer outcomes from breast cancer. The extent to which differences in clinical characteristics account for the black/white disparity in breast cancer mortality is unclear. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the association of clinical, demographic, and treatment variables with total mortality and breast cancer recurrence by race/ethnicity in a cohort of women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer.

Increased Antiretroviral Therapy Use and Virologic Suppression in the Bronx in the Context of Multiple HIV Prevention Strategies.

Multiple population-based HIV prevention strategies from national, state, local, and institutional levels have been implemented in the Bronx, which has one of the highest HIV prevalences in the U.S. We examined changes in antiretroviral therapy (ART) use and associated outcomes between 2007 and 2014 among patients seen at one of >20 outpatient clinics affiliated with the largest Bronx HIV care provider.