Clinical and mutational characteristics of oculocutaneous albinism type 7.

The purpose of this paper is to expand on the phenotype of oculocutaneous albinism type 7 (OCA7). We described three patients with OCA7: two from a consanguineous family of Kurdish origin and one patient of Dutch origin. We compared them with all patients described to date in the literature.

EEG changes as an indication of central nervous system involvement following cyclopentolate 1% eye drops; a randomized placebo-controlled pilot study in a pediatric population.

To compare EEG-patterns after instillation of cyclopentolate versus placebo eye drops. Prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, and observational pilot study is presented. Ophthalmology outpatient clinic Dutch metropolitan hospital.

Efficacy of Müller's Muscle-conjunctival Resection With or Without Suturing for the Correction of Ptosis.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of Müller muscle-conjunctival resection (MMCR) with or without suturing for the correction of ptosis.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed of 30 patients (56 eyelids) undergoing sutureless (sMMCR) (34 eyelids) or conventional MMCR (cMMCR) (22 eyelids). Primary outcome measures were the change in MRD1 and vertical eyelid height (VLH).

Eye colour and skin pigmentation as significant factors for refractive outcome and residual accommodation in hypermetropic children: a randomized clinical trial using cyclopentolate 1% and tropicamide 1.

Purpose: To compare the refractive outcome and residual accommodation with respect to various degrees of iris and skin pigmentation in hypermetropic children using 2 drops of cyclopentolate 1% (C + C) or 1 drop of cyclopentolate 1% and 1 drop of tropicamide 1% (C + T).

Methods: Two hundred fifty-one hypermetropic children were classified according to iris and skin pigmentation (light, medium, dark) and received randomized and double-blind C + C or C + T. Refractive error (spherical equivalent, SEQ) was determined using the Retinomax-K + 3.

Costs and effects of conventional vision screening and photoscreening in the Dutch preventive child health care system.

Background: Little is known about costs and effects of vision screening strategies to detect amblyopia. Aim of this study was to compare costs and effects of conventional (optotype) vision screening, photoscreening or a combination in children aged 3-6 years.

Methods: Population-based, cross-sectional study in preventive child health care in The Hague.

A randomized clinical trial using atropine, cyclopentolate, and tropicamide to compare refractive outcome in hypermetropic children with a dark iris; skin pigmentation and crying as significant factors for hypermetropic outcome.

: To evaluate the refractive outcome and influencing factors following atropine 0.5% eye-drops applied twice daily during 2 ½ days at home and two drops of cyclopentolate 1% (C+C) and one drop of cyclopentolate 1% and one drop of tropicamide 1% (C+T) applied in an outpatient clinic, in hypermetropic children with a dark iris. : Double-blind randomized study including 67 3-6-year-old children receiving C+C in one eye and C+T in the other eye.

Adverse reactions following routine anticholinergic eye drops in a paediatric population: an observational cohort study.

Objectives: To investigate the presence, nature and relationship to age, sex, ethnicity and body mass index (BMI) of adverse reactions following routine cycloplegic eye drops in children.

Design: Prospective observational cohort study.

Setting: Ophthalmology outpatient clinic Dutch metropolitan hospital; February, March and April 2009.

Randomised comparison of three tools for improving compliance with occlusion therapy: an educational cartoon story, a reward calendar, and an information leaflet for parents.

Background: We previously demonstrated that compliance with occlusion therapy for amblyopia was improved by the use of an educational programme, especially in children of parents of foreign origin and who spoke Dutch poorly. The programme consisted of: (i) a cartoon story for amblyopic children that explained without words why they should patch, (ii) a calendar with reward stickers, and (iii) an information leaflet for parents. In the current study, we assessed the individual effect of each component on compliance.

Comparison of wavefront-guided photorefractive keratectomy and foldable iris-fixated phakic intraocular lens implantation for low to moderate myopia.

Purpose: To compare and evaluate the visual and refractive outcomes of myopic wavefront-guided photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and foldable phakic intraocular lens (pIOL) implantation for myopia.

Setting: Department of Ophthalmology, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, The Netherlands.

Design: Comparative case series.

Nightblindness-associated transient tonic downgaze (NATTD) in infant boys with chin-up head posture.

Eleven infant boys presented with chin-up head posture, tonic downgaze and, on attempted upgaze, large-amplitude upward saccades with deceleration during the slow phase downward. The gaze-evoked upward saccades disappeared at the age of 2 or 3 years. In addition, they had high-frequency, small-amplitude horizontal pendular nystagmus that remained.

Anterior chamber iris-fixated phakic intraocular lens for anisometropic amblyopia.

We report a child who had implantation of an iris-fixated Artisan phakic intraocular lens (IOL) to correct high unilateral myopia to support the therapy of anisometropic amblyopia. After IOL implantation, the patient continued occlusion therapy to further treat the amblyopic eye. One year postoperatively, the best corrected visual acuity in the amblyopic eye was 1.

The optimal stimulus to elicit suppression in small-angle convergent strabismus.

Purpose: To determine the optimal stimulus duration as well as the most appropriate luminance profile to elicit suppression in small-angle convergent strabismus.

Methods: In 10 subjects with small-angle convergent strabismus, using a device allowing binocular viewing and peripheral fusion, we determined what the optimal stimulus would be to elicit suppression. Three control subjects were also included in the study.

Perinatally ruptured dermoid cyst presenting as congenital oculomotor palsy.

An eight-month-old girl presented with congenital exotropia and latent nystagmus. Further evaluation revealed congenital ptosis of the left eye and restriction of the elevation, depression and adduction of the left eye. A diagnosis of congenital oculomotor palsy was made.

Quantitative perimetry under binocular viewing conditions in microstrabismus.

In order to elucidate the type, size and depth of suppression scotomata in microstrabismus and small angle convergent strabismus, we performed binocular static perimetry in 14 subjects with strabismus and four normal observers. The strabismic cases had an objective angle of convergent squint between 1 and 8 deg, visual acuity between 0.1 and 1.

Sixty strabismus cases operated with the Computerized Strabismus Model 1.0: When does it benefit, when not ?

While, in routine strabismus surgery, empirical guidelines and experience are the best in judging which eye muscles to operate, a complex case may need a unique surgical approach, the consequences of which cannot always be envisioned in detail. We sought to improve the results of surgery in these cases by preoperative simulation of each case with the Computerized Strabismus Model 1.0 (CSM).