Identifying key transcription factors and miRNAs coregulatory networks associated with immune infiltrations and drug interactions in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Background: The deregulated genetic factors are critically associated with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) development and progression. However, the identification of hub-transcription factors (TFs) and miRNA-hub-TFs co-regulatory network-mediated pathogenesis in IPAH remains lacking.

Methods: We used GSE48149, GSE113439, GSE117261, GSE33463, and GSE67597 for identifying key genes and miRNAs in IPAH.

4-Phenylbutyric Acid Induces Protection against Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Rats.

Background: Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been implicated in the pathophysiology of various pulmonary diseases via the activation of the unfolded protein response. However, the role of ER stress in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remains unclear. The well-known chemical chaperone 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) inhibits ER stress signaling.