Clinical Outcomes of Micropapillary Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder Treated With Radical Cystectomy.

Background/aim: This study examined the treatment outcomes of radical cystectomy (RC) for micropapillary subtype (MPS) bladder cancer treated at our hospital.

Patients And Methods: Histopathological findings of RC specimens collected from 2003 to 2020 were evaluated. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) after RC, as well as the efficacy of chemotherapy in cases of recurrence, were retrospectively assessed.

Clinical impact of a subtype of urothelial carcinoma in nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the oncological outcomes of the subtype of urothelial carcinoma (SUC), including divergent differentiation and histologic subtype, in comparison with those of pure urothelial carcinoma (PUC) in nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated patients who were initially treated with transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TURBT) between March 2005 and August 2020 at a single institution. Patients with PUC and SUC were compared in terms of recurrence-free survival (RFS), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS).

Clinical significance of early kinetics of C‑reactive protein in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma treated with pembrolizumab: Flare response and baseline levels predict oncological outcomes.

Data on the C-reactive protein (CRP) flare response in patients with metastatic and unresectable urothelial carcinoma (mUC) are limited. The present study aimed to clarify the clinical significance of the CRP flare response in patients with mUC who received pembrolizumab. Between March 2018 and December 2022, patients with mUC who received pembrolizumab following chemotherapy were retrospectively reviewed.

Immunohistochemical Expression of p53 and FGFR3 Predicts Response to Enfortumab Vedotin in Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma.

Locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma is a genomically and molecularly heterogeneous disease associated with various clinical outcomes. We aimed to evaluate the association between the status of p53/FGFR3 expression and the efficacy of enfortumab vedotin (EV) in metastatic urothelial carcinoma. We evaluated the association between p53 (abnormal vs.

The Omission of Upfront Treatment Intensification Does Not Adversely Affect Oncological Outcomes in a Subset of Castration-Highly Sensitive Metastatic Prostate Cancer.

Background/aim: In patients with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC), upfront treatment intensification with the addition of new hormonal agents and/or docetaxel to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is recommended. However, this modality is potentially excessive in a subset of these patients. This study aimed to identify patients who may be eligible to omit upfront treatment intensification.

Efficacy of avelumab maintenance therapy for advanced urothelial carcinoma with histologic subtype and divergent differentiation: a multicenter retrospective study conducted by the Uro-Oncology Group in Kyushu.

Background: The subtype of urothelial carcinoma (SUC) has been known to possess morphological diversity for histologic subtype or divergent differentiation. However, the efficacy of avelumab against SUC remains unclear. Therefore, the effect of the treatment as well as the survival results of avelumab monotherapy were evaluated as a first-line therapeutic maintenance in patients with advanced SUC.

Clinical Outcomes of Enfortumab Vedotin in Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma With Prior Avelumab Pembrolizumab Therapy.

Background/aim: This study retrospectively evaluated whether enfortumab vedotin (EV) monotherapy is effective as a late-line treatment according to prior treatment type in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma (UC).

Patients And Methods: We assessed consecutive patients from the Uro-Oncology Group in the Kyushu study population with lower and upper urinary tract cancer treated with EV monotherapy after platinum-based chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy failure between December 2021 and March 2024. In particular, patients receiving avelumab maintenance or pembrolizumab therapy before EV for advanced UC were analyzed and compared according to the response rate, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS).

Enfortumab Vedotin for Elderly Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma Patients or Those With a Poor Performance Status.

Background/aim: The efficacy, safety, and liver toxicity of enfortumab vedotin (EV) for elderly advanced urothelial carcinoma (UC) patients and patients with a poor performance status (PS) are unclear.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the efficacy, safety, and liver toxicity of EV in elderly patients and patients with a poor PS between December 2021 and August 2023.

Results: Sixty-two patients (≥75 years old, n=22; PS≥2, n=10) were enrolled.

Organ-Specific Tumor Response to Enfortumab Vedotin for Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.

Introduction: To evaluate the organ-specific therapeutic effect of enfortumab vedotin (EV) after chemotherapy and immunotherapy failed for advanced urothelial carcinoma.

Materials Methods: At 6 institutions between December 2021 and July 2023, we retrospectively analyzed patients with metastatic upper and lower urinary tract cancer who received EV monotherapy after platinum-based chemotherapy and immune checkpoint blockade therapy. Objective response rate (ORR) and organ-specific response rate (OSRR) were evaluated according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, version 1.

Optimal Number of Cycles of First-line Platinum-based Chemotherapy for Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma.

Background/aim: In recent years, switch maintenance after platinum-based chemotherapy has been a standard of care. However, the appropriate number of systemic chemotherapy cycles against advanced-stage urothelial carcinoma (UC) remains unclear. This study assessed the survival outcomes of first-line platinum-based chemotherapy according to treatment cycles in patients with metastatic disease.

Cutaneous and Renal Toxicities of Enfortumab Vedotin for Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma: The UROKYU Study.

Background/aim: The clinical outcomes associated with cutaneous toxicity and changes in the renal function of patients receiving enfortumab vedotin (EV) for advanced urothelial carcinoma (UC) is unclear.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the relationship between clinical outcomes and EV-related cutaneous toxicity, and the influence on the renal function in 58 patients with advanced UC who received EV after the failure of platinum-based chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors from December 2021 to July 2023.

Results: There were no differences in the overall response and disease control rates between patients with any grade of EV-related cutaneous toxicity and without (p=0.

Change in the Neutrophil-to-Eosinophil Ratio After Avelumab Maintenance for Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma: The UROKYU Study.

Background/aim: The association between clinical outcomes and posttreatment changes in the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and neutrophil-to-eosinophil ratio (NER) in patients receiving avelumab maintenance therapy for advanced urothelial carcinoma (UC) is unclear.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from advanced UC patients who received avelumab and had not progressed with first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. The association between the changes in NLR and NER from pretreatment to week 6 of avelumab treatment and therapeutic efficacy was evaluated.

Treatment Outcomes of Second-Line Systemic Therapy for Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer: A Report of Four Cases.

Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is a histological variant of prostate cancer and is characterized by aggressiveness and poor clinical outcomes. NEPC usually develops as a mechanism of treatment resistance in patients receiving hormone therapy for advanced prostate cancer. NEPC is sensitive to primary platinum-based chemotherapy, and has a short response duration.

Efficacy of Platinum-based Chemotherapy in Patients With Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma With Variant Histology.

Background/aim: Variant urothelial carcinoma (VUC, defined herein as urothelial carcinoma with any histological variant) is frequently observed at an advanced stage. However, the efficacy of systemic chemotherapy against VUC in metastatic disease has rarely been reported. This study assessed the therapeutic response and survival outcomes of platinum-based chemotherapy as first-line treatment in patients with metastatic VUC.

Prognostic Impact of Histologic Subtype and Divergent Differentiation in Patients with Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma Treated with Enfortumab Vedotin: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.

Subtype of urothelial carcinoma (SUC), defined here as urothelial carcinoma with any histologic subtype or divergent differentiation, is a clinically aggressive disease. However, the efficacy of enfortumab vedotin (EV) against SUC remains unclear. Hence, this study aimed to assess the oncological outcomes of patients with SUC treated with EV for metastatic disease.

Organ-specific Tumor Response to Avelumab Maintenance Therapy for Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.

Background/aim: The organ-specific therapeutic effects of avelumab for the maintenance treatment of advanced urothelial carcinoma (UC) are unclear.

Patients And Methods: Patients who received avelumab for advanced UC that had not progressed with first-line platinum-based chemotherapy and who had measurable disease were retrospectively analyzed. The organ-specific response was evaluated, and progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated.

Early Phase Persistent Changes in the White Blood Cell Fraction in Patients With Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma Treated With Pembrolizumab: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.

Background/aim: The association of clinical outcomes with posttreatment persistent changes in eosinophils and other white blood cell (WBC) subtypes in patients with advanced urothelial cancer (UC) treated with pembrolizumab after the failure of platinum-based chemotherapy is unclear.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 87 patients with advanced UC who received pembrolizumab after the failure of platinum-based chemotherapy. The changes in WBC subtypes from pretreatment were evaluated three and six weeks after pembrolizumab administration.

Machine Learning Model to Predict Graft Rejection After Kidney Transplantation.

Background: There are few predictive studies about early posttransplant outcomes taking into account baseline and posttransplant variables. The objective of this study was to create a predictive model for 30-day graft rejection using machine learning techniques.

Methods: Retrospective study with 1255 patients undergoing transplant from living and deceased donors at a tertiary health service in Brazil.

Efficacy and Tolerability of Enfortumab Vedotin for Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma: Early Experience in the Real World.

Background/aim: This study retrospectively investigated the impact of enfortumab vedotin (EV) monotherapy on the oncological outcome, safety profile, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma.

Patients And Methods: We assessed 26 consecutive patients who had received EV monotherapy after failure of platinum-based chemotherapy and immune checkpoint blockade therapy at our single institution from December 2021 to January 2023. The objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), incidence of adverse events (AEs), and EORTC QLQ-C30 as an HRQoL instrument were evaluated.

Second-Line Systemic Therapy for Highly Aggressive Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer.

Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is generally an aggressive form of prostate cancer that can arise de novo or develop as a castration-resistant mechanism. While first-line platinum-based chemotherapy is effective against NEPC, its limited response duration and subsequent treatments pose significant clinical challenges. Standard second-line treatments have not been established due to the limited data available.

Receptor for Hyaluronic Acid-mediated Motility (RHAMM) Is Associated With Prostate Cancer Migration and Poor Prognosis.

Background/aim: Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a large glycosaminoglycan composed of an extracellular matrix. The HA-rich microenvironment and receptors of HA have been suggested to play roles in cancer progression. The biological and clinical significance of receptor for HA-mediated motility (RHAMM), known as CD168 in prostate cancer (PC) remains unknown.

Differential impact of proton pump inhibitor on survival outcomes of patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma treated with chemotherapy versus pembrolizumab.

Objectives: We clarified the effect of concomitant proton pump inhibitor use on oncological outcomes in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma treated either with chemotherapy or immune checkpoint inhibitor.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma who received paclitaxel-gemcitabine therapy or pembrolizumab after platinum-based chemotherapy. The patients were divided into four groups based on the treatment regimen and the concomitant use of proton pump inhibitor.

[IMPACT OF ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY AFTER RADICAL CYSTECTOMY FOR PATIENTS WITH LOCALLY ADVANCED BLADDER CANCER].

(Objective) The study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the therapeutic effects of adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) in patients following radical cystectomy (RC) in locally advanced bladder cancer. (Methods) A single-center-derived database registered 227 patients diagnosed with muscle-invasive bladder cancer and treated with RC and pelvic lymphadenectomy between March 2003 and December 2021. Of these, patients diagnosed with non-organ-confined diseases were classified as either pT3-T4 or pN-positive without distant metastasis.

Association Between Body Mass Index and Outcomes in Patients With Urothelial Carcinoma Treated With Pembrolizumab.

Background/aim: We aimed to clarify the association between body mass index (BMI) and clinical outcomes of pembrolizumab treatment for advanced urothelial cancer (UC).

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients with advanced UC who received pembrolizumab after chemotherapy between March 2018 and December 2021. Patients were divided according to BMI into the non-overweight group (BMI <25 kg/m) and the overweight group (BMI ≥25 kg/m).

Mechanism of -Adenosyl-l-methionine -Methylation by Cobalamin-dependent Radical -Adenosyl-l-methionine Methylase in 1-Amino-2-methylcyclopropanecarboxylic Acid Biosynthesis.

The radical -adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) methylase Orf29 catalyzes the -methylation of SAM in the biosynthesis of 1-amino-2-methylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid. Here, we determined that the methylation product is (4″)-4″-methyl-SAM. Furthermore, we found that the 5'-deoxyadenosyl radical generated by Orf29 abstracts the hydrogen atom from the C-4″ position of SAM to generate the radical intermediate, which reacts with methylcobalamin to give (4″)-4″-methyl-SAM.