Gold nanoparticles as innovative therapeutics for oral mucositis: A review of current evidence.

Oral mucositis (OM) remains a debilitating side effect in patients undergoing cancer therapy. DNA damage and oxidative stress generated by radiation and/or chemotherapy activate key inflammatory pathways, ultimately resulting in the destruction of the epithelial barrier, leading to microbial colonization, and ulceration. These ulcerative lesions are often extremely painful, compromising nutrition and oral hygiene, requiring intravenous nutritional support, resulting in longer periods of hospitalization and increased cost.

Effectiveness of gold nanoparticles in prevention and treatment of oral mucositis in animal models: a systematic review.

Background: Oral mucositis remains a significant complication during cancer therapy with no effective treatment. Gold nanoparticles offer anti-inflammatory, antioxidant properties with low toxicity. This study systematically reviews the literature assessing gold nanoparticles in the management of oral mucositis in animal models.

In vivo assessment of a single adenine mutation in 5'UTR of Endothelin-1 gene in paediatric cases with severe pulmonary hypertension: an observational study.

Objective: Endothelin-1 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of severe pulmonary hypertension. The + 139 'A', adenine insertion variant in 5'UTR of edn1 gene has been reported to be associated with increased expression of Endothelin-1 in vitro. The aim of present study was to explore the association of this variant with the circulating levels of Endothelin-1 in vivo using archived DNA and plasma samples from 38 paediatric congenital heart disease (cyanotic and acyanotic) patients with severe pulmonary hypertension.

Efficacy of incorporating silver nanoparticles into maxillofacial silicone against Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, and polymicrobial biofilms.

Statement Of Problem: The presence of biofilms on maxillofacial silicone increases the risk of infections and reduces durability. Whether silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with potent antimicrobial effects help reduce biofilm formation is unclear.

Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to assess the antimicrobial effect of sub 10-nm AgNPs in maxillofacial silicone against Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, and mixed species biofilms containing both and to test the effectiveness of different AgNP concentrations against all 3 biofilms in vitro.

Body Mass Index and Tooth Loss: An Epidemiological Study in a Sample of Suburban South Indian Population.

Aim: This study evaluated the relationship between missing posterior teeth and body mass index with regard to age and socioeconomic state in a sample of the suburban south Indian population.

Materials And Methods: The 500 individuals of both males and females aged 40 years and older with missing posterior teeth and not rehabilitated with any prosthesis were gone through a clinical history, intraoral examination, and anthropometric measurement to get information regarding age, sex, socioeconomic status, missing posterior teeth, and body mass index (BMI). Subjects were divided into five groups according to BMI (underweight > 18.

Modified Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion for Assessment of Right Ventricular Systolic Function.

Background: Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) has become a popular tool for assessing right ventricular (RV) systolic function because of its ease of application. TAPSE using transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is limited by alignment with the lateral wall of the RV. Modified TAPSE (m-TAPSE) is a novel method for measuring TAPSE.

Trans-innominate vein extraction of stuck pacemaker leads.

There is continued increase in the rate of cardiac implantable devices and so are complications associated with them which may necessitate their extraction. The common indications for lead extraction are lead infection, lead malfunction, lead upgrade, or retained broken leads. Different methods are used; most common are percutaneous but sometimes cardiac surgical help may be required.

Neuraxial anaesthesia in parturient with cardiac disease.

Parturient with corrected or uncorrected cardiac problem may undergo neuraxial anaesthesia for several reasons and in different trimesters. The altered physiological state in a parturient is further deranged in the presence of a cardiovascular lesion, producing the added risk to the parturient undergoing a neuraxial block. A detailed evaluation, knowledge regarding cardiovascular disease state, more vigilant monitoring, and a team approach can lead to a successful outcome.

A Multidisciplinary Approach for Rehabilitation of Enucleated Sockets: Ocular Implants with Custom Ocular Prosthesis.

Interdisciplinary prosthodontics goes beyond our imagination into fields that have a direct effect on our total body health and quality of life. Removal of an eye has a detrimental effect on the psychology of the patient. Enucleation involves removal of the eyeball proper and leads to an enophthalmic socket with a shrunken eye, which has a crippling effect on patient's emotional and social life.

Bleeding in the lung complicates a routine intracardiac repair: What went wrong!!!

Cyanotic congenital heart disease presents an increased tendency to bleed in view of subtle coagulation defects. Airway bleeding can be particularly difficult to manage while maintaining an adequate ventilation. An isolated lung bleed with the exclusion of possible traumatic, medical and surgical causes of bleeding, should alert the attending anesthesiologist to the possibility of the collateral-related bleeding.

Post-cardiac transplant recipient: Implications for anaesthesia.

The annual heart transplant rate is gradually increasing worldwide. A proportion of this patient population present for an elective or emergency surgery which may or may not be related to the transplanted heart. A MEDLINE search for heart transplant, anaesthesia, adult, paediatric and surgery was conducted to review anaesthetic management for heart transplant recipients.

Is endothelin gene polymorphism associated with postoperative atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting?

Background: The mechanism of development of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) has not been clearly defined, and the involvement of multiple factors such as advanced age, withdrawal of β-blockers, inadequate atrial protection, and electrolyte imbalance, particularly hypomagnesemia has been documented by several authors. Despite all the available pharmacologic prophylaxis, incidence of AF still remains high in this group of patients. This unexplained cause could be genetic inheritance of endothelin-1 (ET-1) gene which is thought to have a pro-arrhythmogenic effect.

Does sleep quality affects the immediate clinical outcome in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting: A clinico-biochemical correlation.

Objective: Poor sleep quality is emerging as high prevalence among the patients suffering from cardiometabolic disturbances. The vascular polypeptide endothelin 1 (ET-1) is involved in many of the health disorders. However, its potential involvement in patients having poor sleep quality along with cardiovascular problem is limited.

The role of Rajyoga meditation for modulation of anxiety and serum cortisol in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery: A prospective randomized control study.

Introduction: Rajyoga meditation is a form of mind body intervention that is promoted by the Brahma Kumaris World Spiritual University. This form of meditation can be easily performed without rituals or mantras and can be practiced anywhere at any time. The practice of Rajyoga meditation can have beneficial effects on modulating anxiety and cortisol level in patients undergoing major cardiac surgery.

Goldenhar syndrome: Cardiac anesthesiologist's perspective.

Goldenhar syndrome or oculo-auriculo-vertebral dysplasia was defined by Goldenhar in 1952 and redefined by Grolin et al. later. As the name denotes, children with this syndrome present with craniofacial and vertebral anomalies which increase the risk of airway compromise.

Assessment of Changes in Hemodynamics and Intrathoracic Fluid Using Electrical Cardiometry During Autologous Blood Harvest.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of autologous blood harvest (ABH)-induced volume shifts using electrical cardiometry (EC) in patients with pulmonary artery hypertension secondary to left heart disease.

Design: Prospective, randomized, controlled trial.

Setting: A tertiary care hospital.

Rare combination of anomalies and its management with conservative and effective approach.

Transverse vaginal septum is a rare anomaly that results from incomplete fusion of urogenital sinus, and the vaginal parts of the Mullerian duct. Cervical atresia/dysgenesis is still a rare uterovaginal anomaly that can be congenital or acquired leading to fertility problems. Transverse vaginal septum when it coexists with cervical dysgenesis, it becomes a rare combination where management becomes highly complex.

Rehabilitation of post surgical maxillectomy defects using interim obturators-a case series.

Prosthetic rehabilitation of extensive maxillectomy defects are exigent given the difficulties faced due to loss of palatal bone,teeth and surrounding supporting tissues which help in retention, support and stability of the prosthesis. An interim maxillary obturator is a prosthesis which is made after surgical resection of a portion or all of one or both maxilla where initial healing is completed. Frequently many or all teeth in the defect area are replaced by this prosthesis.

Modified Blalock Taussig shunt: comparison between neonates, infants and older children.

Objective: The aim was to compare various pre-and post-operative parameters and to identify the predictors of mortality in neonates, infants, and older children undergoing Modified Blalock Taussig shunt (MBTS).

Materials And Methods: Medical records of 134 children who underwent MBTS over a period of 2 years through thoracotomy were reviewed. Children were divided into three groups-neonates, infants, and older children.

Recombinant activated factor VII in cardiac surgery: single-center experience.

Background: The widespread off-label use of recombinant activated factor VII for the control of refractory postoperative hemorrhage continues despite a warning from the Food and Drug Administration. Although effective in reducing the need for transfusion of blood and blood products, safety concerns still prevail.

Objective: To compare the dosing and efficacy of recombinant activated factor VII between pediatric and adult patients, and in the operating room and intensive care unit.

Perioperative levels of tumor necrosis factor-α correlate with outcomes in children and adults with tetralogy of Fallot undergoing corrective surgery.

Background: Previous studies reporting on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) as a marker of inflammatory response (IR) in patients with congenital heart disease were limited by small sample size and variability in diagnosis. We report perioperative changes in TNF-α levels and their correlation with preoperative factors and clinical outcomes in a large homogenous group of patients with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) undergoing definitive repair at a tertiary care center.

Methods: A total of 167 patients were divided into four groups on the basis of age.