Primary orbital leiomyosarcoma.

A 79-year-old woman was presented with a 6-month history of painless proptosis in the left eye. On examination, there was a palpable superotemporal mass displacing the left eye inferomedially. Orbital CT revealed a heterogeneous, lobulated mass occupying the left orbital space with no bone erosion or destruction.

Endovascular treatment of a superior mesenteric artery aneurysm secondary to Behcet's disease with Onyx (ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer).

Behcet's disease is a complex multisystemic chronic inflammatory disease that is characterized by oral and genital aphtous ulcers and vasculitis. Aneurysms of major arteries are the most important cause of mortality in Behcet's disease. Four patients with superior mesenteric artery (SMA) aneurysms related to Behcet's disease have been reported in the literature.

Arteriovenous malformation of the mandible: a case report.

Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are an abnormal collection of blood vessels. They are extremely rare congenital or acquired abnormalities in the structure of blood vessels. These malformations have been associated with severe hemorrhage resulting in significant morbidity and mortality.

Quantitative proton MR spectroscopic findings of cortical reorganization in the auditory cortex of musicians.

Background And Purpose: Brain has a capacity for reorganization that enables use-dependent adaptations to acquire skills. Previous studies demonstrated morphometric and functional use-dependent changes in the brains of musicians. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in metabolite concentrations in the planum temporale, an area strongly associated with the processing of music perception, between trained musicians and non-musicians.

Value of petrosal sinus sampling: coexisting acromegaly, empty sella and meningioma.

Simultaneous occurrence of an intracranial meningioma and a growth hormone (GH)-producing pituitary adenoma is exceedingly rare, as is coexistence of an empty sella and acromegaly. We report all these rare entities in the same patient. We evaluated the role of inferior petrosal sinus sampling for lateralisation of an adenoma in this patient.

Angiography-induced closure of perimedullary spinal arteriovenous fistula.

Type 4 spinal vascular malformations are called perimedullary arteriovenous fistulae, in which there is a shunt between a radicular artery and intradural veins. We report the spinal MR imaging and angiography findings of the angiography-induced closure of a type 4 spinal vascular malformation.

Diffusion MR findings in cyclosporin-A induced encephalopathy.

Cyclosporin encephalopathy is a well-known entity, which is clinically characterized by altered mental status, vision problems, focal neurological deficits and seizures. The exact pathophysiology of the cyclosporin encephalopathy has not yet been defined. We report the diffusion-weighted MR imaging and proton MR spectroscopy findings in a case of cyclosporin encephalopathy.

MRI cisternography with gadolinium-containing contrast medium: its role, advantages and limitations in the investigation of rhinorrhoea.

Our purpose was to evaluate the utility of intrathecal gadopentetate dimeglumine -enhanced magnetic resonance cisternography (GdMRC). We injected 0.5 ml contrast medium into the subarachnoid space via lumbar puncture in 20 patients with suspected cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhoea.

An unusual complication of stapes surgery: profuse bleeding from the anteriorly located sigmoid sinus.

Major bleeding during stapes surgery is a rare condition. The anterior course of the sigmoid sinus is comparatively common in contracted mastoid bones, but rare in good pneumatized temporal bones. We report a case of an unusual anterior course of the vertical segment of the sigmoid sinus, which led to profuse bleeding during a stapedotomy operation.

Single-voxel proton MR spectroscopy in toluene abuse.

Inhalation of toluene, which is an organic solvent, causes toxic encephalopathy characterized by cognitive impairment, cerebellar and extra-pyramidal symptoms. We studied cranial MR images and single-voxel MR spectroscopy of 22 toluene abusers and age-matched control subjects. The mean age of the abusers and mean duration of abuse were 18,1 years and 47 months, respectively.

A new MRI method for the quantitative evaluation of extraocular muscle size in thyroid ophthalmopathy.

In cross section, extraocular muscles are more or less elliptical, with short and long diameters. We studied the ratio (R) of short to long diameter and investigated its use in quantitative assessment of the extraocular muscles in patients with Graves's disease. We measured the diameters on T1-weighted axial and coronal MRI and computed R for each extraocular muscle in 80 patients without and 40 with Graves's disease.

Imaging in tuberculosis of the skull and skull-base: case report.

We report a 19-year-old girl, who presented with headache and tonic/clonic seizures. Imaging revealed a lytic parietal skull lesion with an adjacent epidural mass, masses in the right parietal lobe and a posterior skull-base mass. The diagnosis of tuberculosis was made after resection of the extradural mass and later verified with culture of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Case report: Spinal cord herniation into a mediastinal neurenteric cyst: CT and MRI findings.

Split notochord syndrome is a spectrum of congenital spinal malformations that develops due to an adhesion between endoderm and ectoderm causing the "splitting" of notochord. Neurenteric cyst is one of the components of split notochord syndrome. We report CT and MRI findings of an unusual case with thoracal spinal cord herniation into a mediastinal neurenteric cyst.

Cranial MR findings in chronic toluene abuse by inhalation.

Background And Purpose: Chronic abuse of toluene by inhalation causes variable white matter changes and thalamic hypointensity on T2-weighted MR images. The purpose of our study was to assess cranial MR findings in a large series of patients who chronically abuse toluene-containing solvents to investigate the factors causing the qualitative variability of white matter changes and thalamic hypointensity.

Methods: We studied the neurologic signs, symptoms, and cranial MR findings in 41 patients who chronically abused thinner, a toluene-containing solvent.

Thoracocervical dorsal dermal sinus associated with multiple vertebral body anomalies.

Congenital dermal sinus is a type of closed spinal dysraphism. Cervical and thoracic regions are the rare sites for dorsal dermal sinuses. Dermal sinuses are frequently associated with dermoid or epidermoid tumor and osseous abnormalities such as bifid spinous process.

Clinical features of 21 patients with lissencephaly type I (agyria-pachygyria).

Lissencephaly (agyria-pachygyria) is the most severe neuronal migration disorder, characterized by total or partial absence of gyri. In this study, 21 patients with lissencephaly type I (9 girls, 12 boys) with a mean age of 19 +/- 21 months (2 weeks-8 years) were evaluated clinically and graded according to neuroradiological findings (19 patients by magnetic resonance imaging MRI and 2 by computed tomography CT). Three patients were classified as lissencephaly grade 2 and 18 patients as grade 3 or 4.

Recent experience with Moyamoya disease in Turkey.

A series of moyamoya patients is presented. Angiographic findings, outcome of revascularization surgery and a young case with moyamoya disease and hyperphosphatemia are reported. Thirteen patients (6 males and 7 females; age range 2-50 years) were included in the study group.

99Tc-HmPAO SPECT in 13 patients with classic lissencephaly.

In this study, technetium-99 ((99)Tc)-hexamethylpropyleneamine-oxine single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was performed on 13 children with classic lissencephaly (nine with epileptic seizures, four without seizures). Focal or multifocal hypoperfusions were observed in 12 patients. The hypoperfused areas observed on SPECT scanning did not correlate with the localization of agyric-pachygyric regions in all patients.

Endovascular treatment of arteriovenous fistulas complicating percutaneous renal biopsy in three paediatric cases.

Design: We evaluated the incidence and history of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) after kidney biopsy and assessed the use of superselective embolization for treatment.

Observations: During the last 10 years, 896 kidney biopsies (age range of the patients: 1 month-18.6 years) have been performed in our institution under real-time ultrasonographic guidance with a 14 gauge cutting biopsy needle, and 32 of the patients had renal allografts (3.

Management of a rare complication of endovascular treatment of direct carotid cavernous fistula.

A 30-year-old woman with direct carotid cavernous fistula underwent endovascular treatment with detachable balloons via a transarterial route. The patient returned with diplopia 1 year after therapy. On cranial MR imaging, one of the balloons was detected in the proximal portion of the superior ophthalmic vein and was deflated percutaneously with a 22-gauge Chiba needle under CT guidance.

Diabetic sclerodactyly.

Sclerodactyly is a chronic skin disorder seen together with long-term degenerative microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus. In this study, the relationship between sclerodactyly and various clinical and laboratory characteristics of diabetes mellitus have been investigated. One hundred and forty-two diabetic patients (63 type 1 and 79 type 2) and 72 healthy controls were evaluated clinically.

CT in lobar atrophy of the liver caused by alveolar echinococcosis.

We reviewed the CT findings of 13 patients with histologically proved alveolar echinococcosis of the liver. Seven of these patients had hilar involvement, which caused dilatation of intrahepatic bile ducts and invasion of the portal vein or portal branches. In two of these patients we found marked atrophy of the right lobe and in one patient marked atrophy of the left lobe in addition to various CT findings previously reported for alveolar echinococcosis of the liver.