Clinical scenarios of unusual FDG uptake in muscle.

Glucose is essential for muscle function and its uptake is influenced by aerobic conditions, hormonal regulations, and exercise. F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), a glucose analog used in PET/CT scans, can show incidental uptake in muscles, and thus careful interpretation is required to avoid misdiagnosis. Proper patient preparation and understanding of the clinical scenarios affecting FDG uptake are crucial for accurate PET/CT interpretation, thus ensuring precise diagnoses and avoiding unnecessary interventions.

Evaluation of X-ray protective goggles in mitigating eye lens radiation exposure during radiopharmaceutical handling and patient care in nuclear medicine.

The aim of this study is to estimate eye lens exposure dose when handling radiopharmaceuticals and interacting with patients receiving radiopharmaceuticals, and to verify the usefulness of X-ray protective goggles in mitigating such radiation exposure using phantoms. To evaluate radiation exposure during the handling of radiopharmaceuticals, we employed a fluorescent glass dosimeter to measure the radiation doses associated with Tc, I, I, In, and F at distances of 30 cm and 60 cm, followed by calculation of the 3 mm dose equivalent rate (3DER). We then estimated the dose reduction rates for various scenarios, including the use of syringe shields and X-ray protective goggles with lead equivalences of 0.

Prevalence and associated factors of low vigor in patients living with HIV and hemophilia in Japan: A cross-sectional observational study.

People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at high risk of mental health problems. However, little is known about this risk in HIV-infected patients with hemophilia (HPH) who contracted the virus through blood products. This cross-sectional, observational study assessed patients' mood states and the factors associated with them among Japanese HPH to evaluate the need for psychosocial support.

Prostate-specific antigen doubling time predicts the efficacy of site-directed therapy for oligoprogressive castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Background: In recent years, site-directed therapies (SDTs) targeting progressive lesions in patients with oligometastatic prostate cancer have attracted attention. However, whether they effectively treat oligoprogressive castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remains unclear. Here, we investigated the efficacy of SDT in patients with oligoprogressive CRPC and identified prognostic factors.

Clinical Effectiveness of Preoperative 18F-FDG PET/CT in Predicting Pathological Tumor Grade in Patients with Pseudomyxoma Peritonei Originating from Appendix: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Cytoreductive surgery combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy is the standard treatment for patients with pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP). In some malignancies, the standard uptake value of positron emission tomography with 2-deoxy-2-18F-fluoro-D-glucose integrated with computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) is now accepted as a reliable indicator of neoplastic behavior. This study aimed to evaluate the association between the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) and pathological grade in patients with PMP and to investigate the significance of SUVmax in the preoperative assessment of these patients.

External Beam Radiotherapy in Advanced Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma: An Observation of a Rare Abscopal Effect.

Metastatic pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma are incurable, and effective treatment of systemic symptoms resulting from catecholamine excess and local symptoms from tumor growth are crucial to prolong survival and improve quality of life. We report the first case of metastatic pheochromocytoma wherein external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) demonstrated efficacy in both target and nontarget lesions, demonstrating the "abscopal effect." EBRT reduced tumor volume and catecholamine secretion and improved catecholamine excess-related complications, including glycemic control.

Variation in blood pressure and heart rate of radiological technologists in worktime tracked by a wearable device: A preliminary study.

The aim of this preliminary study was to measure the systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) and heart rate (HR) of radiological technologists by WD, and evaluate variation among individuals by worktime, day of the week, job, and workplace. Measurements were obtained using a wristwatch-type WD with optical measurement technology that can measure SBP and DBP every 10 minutes and HR every 30 minutes. SBP, DBP, and HR data obtained at baseline and during work time were combined with the hours of work, day of the week, job, and workplace recorded by the participants in 8 consecutive weeks.

Oncology and cardiology positron emission tomography/computed tomography faced with COVID-19: A review of available literature data.

The COVID-19 pandemic has forced people to significantly change their lifestyles and attitudes, and has greatly burdened healthcare delivery systems worldwide. The redistribution of the medical delivery system to maintain normal medical care while responding generously to COVID-19 is a continuing challenge that weighs heavily on medical institutions. Among imaging modalities, chest X-rays and computed tomography (CT) examinations have clearly made a large contribution to treatment of COVID-19.

Optimal use of the FDG-PET/CT in the diagnostic process of fever of unknown origin (FUO): a comprehensive review.

Numerous studies have clarified the usefulness of F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET/CT (positron emission tomography) for diagnosing the cause of fever of unknown origin (FUO). Various types of disease can cause FUO, but the cause remains unknown in a certain proportion of FUO, even when the advanced diagnostic methodologies are used. FDG-PET/CT is regarded as a second-line modality in the diagnostic process of FUO, and its potential to identify the cause of FUO will be maximized when the appropriate clinical considerations are understood.

Change in cancer diagnosis during the COVID-19 pandemic: Trends estimated from FDG-PET/CT.

The aim of this study is to clarify changes in the circumstances of cancer diagnoses during the COVID-19 pandemic in Tokyo, Japan, estimated from [F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) -positron emission tomography/ computed tomography (PET/CT) for cancer patients. Cancer diagnosis in pandemic status (PANS) was evaluated by retrospective review of the findings of FDG-PET/CT examinations performed between 11 March 2020 and 28 December 2021 for initial staging and restaging for malignancy. Evaluation of cancer diagnosis in pre-pandemic status (pPANS) was conducted similarly in FDG-PET/CT examinations performed between 4 January 2018 and 10 March 2020.

Amino Acid and Proliferation PET/CT for the Diagnosis of Multiple Myeloma.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy characterized by infiltration of monoclonal plasma cells in the bone marrow (BM). The standard examination performed for the assessment of bone lesions has progressed from radiographic skeletal survey to the more advanced imaging modalities of computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). The Durie-Salmon PLUS staging system (upgraded from the Durie-Salmon staging system) applies 2-[F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-glucose (F-FDG) PET/CT, and MRI findings to the staging of MM, and F-FDG PET/CT has been incorporated into the International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) guidelines for the diagnosis and staging of MM.

Proliferation PET/CT Imaging of Salivary Gland Tumor.

Salivary gland tumors are rare neoplasms which vary in terms of origin and malignant potential. 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) has limited ability to differentiate between different types of salivary gland tumors because both Warthin's tumors and pleomorphic adenomas usually show increased FDG uptake, with no statistically significant difference in standardized uptake value (SUV) compared with malignant salivary gland tumors. Here, we discuss 4'-[methyl-11C]-thiothymidine (4DST) PET, which provides cell proliferation imaging capable of demonstrating intense uptake in parotid carcinoma and Warthin's tumor, but no uptake in parotid pleomorphic adenoma.

Cell Proliferation PET Imaging with 4DST PET/CT in Colorectal Adenocarcinoma and Adenoma.

An age of 70-year-old man was incidentally found two focal high 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG) uptake in the descending colon and in the sigmoid colon. We observed the feature of these two areas in the preplanned 4'-[methyl-11C]-thiothymidine (4DST) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed Tomography (CT)providing cell proliferation imaging. A mass forming high 4DST uptake in the descending colon and focal moderate 4DST uptake in the sigmoid colon was confirmed, and that were proven pathologically as adenocarcinoma and moderate to severe type tubular adenoma, respectively.

Association Between Time Since Administration of Pegylated G-CSF (Pegfilgrastim) and Bone Marrow Uptake on FDG PET/CT: Determination of a Minimum Interval.

. Pegfilgrastim administration after chemotherapy increases bone marrow and spleen FDG uptake. Consensus is lacking regarding the optimal interval between pegfilgrastim administration and FDG PET/CT.

Determining the extent of tumor resection at surgical planning with F-fluciclovine PET/CT in patients with suspected glioma: multicenter phase III trials.

Objective: Glioma is the most common type of central nervous system tumor reported worldwide. Current imaging technologies have limitations in the diagnosis and assessment of glioma. The present study aimed to confirm the diagnostic efficacy and safety of anti-1-amino-3-[F]fluorocyclobutane carboxylic acid (F-fluciclovine; anti-[F]FACBC) as a radiotracer for patients undergoing combined positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT) for suspected glioma.

Effects of COVID-19 vaccination on FDG-PET/CT imaging: A literature review.

COVID-19 vaccination using mRNA technology began at the end of 2020 in several countries, approximately 9 months after the WHO declared the new coronavirus a pandemic, and began in Japan at the end of February 2021. Several studies have reported FDG avidity in enlarged axillary lymph nodes as a specific feature of FDG-PET/CT imaging after COVID-19 vaccination. A major concern is that this finding could lead to a misdiagnosis in patients with various types of malignancy.

Prognostic value of F-FDG PET/CT with texture analysis in patients with rectal cancer treated by surgery.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of texture analysis using pretreatment F-FDG PET/CT to predict prognosis in patients with surgically treated rectal cancer.

Methods: We analyzed 94 patients with pathologically proven rectal cancer who underwent pretreatment F-FDG PET/CT and were subsequently treated with surgery. The volume of interest of the primary tumor was defined using a threshold of 40% of the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), and conventional (SUVmax, metabolic tumor volume [MTV], total lesion glycolysis [TLG]) and textural PET features were extracted.

Predicting tumor response and prognosis to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients using PERCIST: a multicenter study in Japan.

Purpose: To investigate the usefulness of the positron emission tomography response criteria in solid tumors 1.0 (PERCIST1.0) for predicting tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and prognosis and determine whether PERCIST improvements are necessary for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients.

F-Fluorothymidine PET is an early and superior predictor of progression-free survival following chemoimmunotherapy of diffuse large B cell lymphoma: a multicenter study.

Purpose: To determine whether interim 3'-deoxy-3'-[F]fluorothymidine (iFLT) PET/CT is a superior predictor of progression-free survival (PFS) compared with interim F-fluorodeoxyglucose (iFDG) PET/CT in patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) treated with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) or rituximab, etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and doxorubicin (R-EPOCH).

Methods: Ninety-two prospectively enrolled patients with DLBCL underwent both FLT-PET/CT and FDG-PET/CT 18-24 days after two cycles of R-CHOP/R-EPOCH. Deauville-criteria, PERCIST1.

Correlation of 18-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/computed tomography parameters and clinical features to predict outcome for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Purpose: To determine if the correlation between different metabolic parameters along with clinical features can create an improved model of prognostication for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 89 patients with DLBCL. All patients had a baseline and an interim 18F-FDG PET/CT.

Series of myocardial FDG uptake requiring considerations of myocardial abnormalities in FDG-PET/CT.

Distinct from cardiac PET performed with preparation to control physiological FDG uptake in the myocardium, standard FDG-PET/CT performed with 4-6 h of fasting will show variation in myocardial FDG uptake. For this reason, important signs of myocardial and pericardial abnormality revealed by myocardial FDG uptake tend to be overlooked. However, recognition of possible underlying disease will support further patient management to avoid complications due to the disease.

Clinical practice guidelines for high-resolution breast PET, 2019 edition.

Breast positron emission tomography (PET) has had insurance coverage when performed with conventional whole-body PET in Japan since 2013. Together with whole-body PET, accurate examination of breast cancer and diagnosis of metastatic disease are possible, and are expected to contribute significantly to its treatment planning. To facilitate a safer, smoother, and more appropriate examination, the Japanese Society of Nuclear Medicine published the first edition of practice guidelines for high-resolution breast PET in 2013.