Solid-State C-N Cross-Coupling Reactions with Carbazoles as Nitrogen Nucleophiles Using Mechanochemistry.

The palladium-catalyzed solid-state C-N cross-coupling of carbazoles with aryl halides via a high-temperature ball-milling technique has been reported. This reaction allowed simple, fast, and efficient synthesis of N-arylcarbazole derivatives in good to excellent yields without the use of large amounts of organic solvents in air. Importantly, the developed solid-state coupling approach enabled the cross-coupling of poorly soluble aryl halides with large polyaromatic structures that are barely reactive under conventional solution-based conditions.

General Synthesis of Trialkyl- and Dialkylarylsilylboranes: Versatile Silicon Nucleophiles in Organic Synthesis.

Compared to carbon-based nucleophiles, the number of silicon-based nucleophiles that is currently available remains limited, which significantly hampers the structural diversity of synthetically accessible silicon-based molecules. Given the high synthetic utility and ease of handling of carbon-based boron nucleophiles, silicon-based boron nucleophiles, i.e.

Synthesis of 2-alkyl-2-boryl-substituted-tetrahydrofurans via copper(i)-catalysed borylative cyclization of aliphatic ketones.

A new method was developed for synthesizing 2-alkyl-2-boryl-tetrahydrofuran derivatives from aliphatic ketones using a copper(i)/N-heterocyclic carbene complex catalyst. This reaction presumably proceeds through the nucleophilic addition of a borylcopper(i) intermediate to ketone, followed by intramolecular substitution of the resulting alkoxide for the halide leaving group. The new borylation products, 2-alkyl-2-boryl-tetrahydrofuran derivatives with a condensed structure around the C-B bond, cannot be synthesized by other methods.