Clinically meaningful classes of financial toxicity for patients with diabetes.

Aims: This study aims to improve the interpretability and clinical utility of the COmprehensive Score for financial Toxicity-Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (COST-FACIT) by identifying distinct financial toxicity classes in adults with diabetes.

Methods: Data included a sample of 600 adults with Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes and high A1c. Latent Class Analysis was used to identify subgroups of patients based on COST-FACIT score patterns.

Experience in developing and implementing the self-directed learning assessment tools among undergraduate medical students.

Background: The upcoming changes in digital technology have motivated health professionals to be lifelong learners and be updated with the recent trends. Self-directed learning (SDL) is one of the approaches for making undergraduate students health/ profession students lifelong learners. Moreover, the SDL approach allows learners to work in a team and gain social skills.

Emerging molecular phenotypes and potential therapeutic targets in esophageal and gastric adenocarcinoma unearthed by whole genome and transcriptome analyses.

Background: Adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and stomach demands a deeper molecular understanding to advance treatment strategies and improve patient outcomes. Here, we profiled the genome and transcriptome landscape of these cancers, explored molecular characteristics that are undetectable by other sequencing platforms, and analyzed their potential clinical ramifications.

Methods: Our study employed state-of-the-art integrative analyses of whole genome and transcriptome sequencing on 51 matched tumor and germline samples from 46 patients.

Enhancing the detection of clinically relevant biomarkers in advanced uterine and tubo-ovarian carcinomas through genome-wide analysis.

Background: Advanced-stage tube-ovarian cancers (TOC) and uterine cancers (UC) significantly contribute to cancer mortality. While surgery achieves clinical remission in most cases, recurrence often necessitates systemic therapy. Recent molecular phenotype studies have advanced targeted therapies.

A spatial human thymus cell atlas mapped to a continuous tissue axis.

T cells develop from circulating precursor cells, which enter the thymus and migrate through specialized subcompartments that support their maturation and selection. In humans, this process starts in early fetal development and is highly active until thymic involution in adolescence. To map the microanatomical underpinnings of this process in pre- and early postnatal stages, we established a quantitative morphological framework for the thymus-the Cortico-Medullary Axis-and used it to perform a spatially resolved analysis.

Empowering Medical Education: Unveiling the Impact of Reflective Writing and Tailored Assessment on Deep Learning.

Introduction: Reflective thinking offers learners insight and encourages deeper understanding by leveraging past experiences. This study explores the impact of reflective writing, a self-assessment tool, on undergraduate medical students. The focus is on training students using author-specific reflection rubrics based on Moon's model.

Study protocol: Exploring the use of Family Health Histories in the African American community to reduce health disparities in Flint, Michigan.

Background: Health disparities are costly and preventable differences in disease progression that disproportionately affect minority communities such as African Americans. Practices to reduce health disparities can be rooted in prevention, particularly through screening tools. Family Health History tools are preventative screening mechanisms meant to explore family history to better understand how an individual's health can potentially be predicted or impacted.

Examining the relationship of flavored tobacco product policy restrictions and flavored tobacco product use, among adolescents and young adults in the U.S.

Objective: This work examines the relationship between local flavor policy exposure and any tobacco product use and flavored tobacco product use among U.S. youth and young adults, as well as the equity potential of these policies by race/ethnicity.

Food Insecurity Prevalence and Risk Factors at a Large Academic Medical Center in Michigan.

Importance: Health care systems are increasingly adopting methods to screen for and integrate food insecurity and other social risk factors into electronic health records. However, there remain knowledge gaps regarding the cumulative burden of food insecurity in large clinical settings, which patients are most at risk, and the extent to which patients are interested in social assistance through their health care system.

Objective: To evaluate the 5-year prevalence and associated risk factors of food insecurity among adult primary care patients, and to examine factors associated with patients' interest in social assistance among those with food insecurity.

ArCH: improving the performance of clonal hematopoiesis variant calling and interpretation.

Motivation: The acquisition of somatic mutations in hematopoietic stem and progenitor stem cells with resultant clonal expansion, termed clonal hematopoiesis (CH), is associated with increased risk of hematologic malignancies and other adverse outcomes. CH is generally present at low allelic fractions, but clonal expansion and acquisition of additional mutations leads to hematologic cancers in a small proportion of individuals. With high depth and high sensitivity sequencing, CH can be detected in most adults and its clonal trajectory mapped over time.

A Randomized Controlled Trial to Improve Unmet Social Needs and Clinical Outcomes Among Adults with Diabetes.

Background: Adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes often face financial challenges and other unmet social needs to effective diabetes self-management.

Objective: Whether a digital intervention focused on addressing socioeconomic determinants of health improves diabetes clinical outcomes more than usual care.

Design: Randomized trial from 2019 to 2023.

Concept flavor e-cigarette unit sales in the U.S.: 2019-2022.

Introduction: Concept flavor e-cigarettes, defined as products with vague/ambiguous flavor (tobacco flavor and non-tobacco flavor) names, may limit the intended impact and enforcement of flavored tobacco restrictions. This study assessed trends in unit sales of concept flavor e-cigarettes in the U.S.

A spatial human thymus cell atlas mapped to a continuous tissue axis.

T cells develop from circulating precursors, which enter the thymus and migrate throughout specialised sub-compartments to support maturation and selection. This process starts already in early fetal development and is highly active until the involution of the thymus in adolescence. To map the micro-anatomical underpinnings of this process in pre- vs.

Disparities in Smokefree and Vapefree Home Rules and Smokefree Policy Attitudes Based on Housing Type and Cigarette Smoking Status, United States, 2019.

This study examined variations in cigarette smoking status, home smoking and vaping rules, and attitudes toward smoking rules among U.S. adults.

Association between cigarette sales in the USA and FDA's announcement of its intention to prohibit menthol as a characterising flavour in cigarettes.

Introduction: On 29 April 2021, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced its intention to prohibit menthol as a characterising flavour in cigarettes.

Methods: We assessed the changes in cigarette sales associated with the FDA's announcement using interrupted time series analysis based on monthly retail point-of-sale data on cigarettes from the NielsenIQ Local Trade Area (LTA) data from September 2019 to April 2022. Main outcome variables included LTA-level monthly menthol and non-menthol cigarette sales per 1000-persons.

Changes in E-Cigarette Use Among U.S. Adults, 2019-2021.

Introduction: E-cigarette use increased between 2014 and 2018 among younger U.S. adults who had never smoked combustible cigarettes, potentially increasing nicotine addiction risk and progression to combustible tobacco products.

Food Insecurity and Perceived Financial Stress are Associated with Cost-related Medication Non-adherence in Stroke.

Objective: To determine whether food insecurity and perceived financial stress contribute to cost-related medication non-adherence (CRN) in stroke.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of adult stroke survivors in the National Health Interview Survey (2014-2018). Weighted prevalence of food insecurity, perceived financial stress, and CRN by age was calculated.