The association of perceived social support, resilience, and posttraumatic stress symptoms among coronavirus disease patients in the United States.

Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has become a main psychological consequence of COVID-19. This study assessed the association between social support, psychological resilience, and probable COVID-19-related PTSD.

Methods: The PTSD Checklist for DSM-5, Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey, and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) were used to assess for PTSD symptoms, social support, and resilience among COVID-19 patients treated at a large medical system in New York City between July 2020 and July 2023.

Post-Acute Sequelae of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) After Infection During Pregnancy.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of post-acute sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (PASC) after infection with SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy and to characterize associated risk factors.

Methods: In a multicenter cohort study (NIH RECOVER [Researching COVID to Enhance Recovery]-Pregnancy Cohort), individuals who were pregnant during their first SARS-CoV-2 infection were enrolled across the United States from December 2021 to September 2023, either within 30 days of their infection or at differential time points thereafter. The primary outcome was PASC , defined as score of 12 or higher based on symptoms and severity as previously published by the NIH RECOVER-Adult Cohort, at the first study visit at least 6 months after the participant's first SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Physician preferences for an electronic lung cancer screening decision aid.

Objective: To present primary care physician (PCP) suggestions for design and implementation of a decision aid (DA) tool to support patient-provider shared decision-making on lung cancer screening (LCS).

Study Design: Semistructured interviews were conducted with 15 PCPs at an academic medical center.

Methods: The deidentified transcripts were independently coded by 2 study interviewers and jointly reviewed every 5 interviews until we determined that data saturation had been achieved.

Challenges Addressing Lung Cancer Screening for Patients With Multimorbidity in Primary Care: A Qualitative Study.

Purpose: Many individuals who are eligible for lung cancer screening have comorbid conditions complicating their shared decision-making conversations with physicians. The goal of our study was to better understand how primary care physicians (PCPs) factor comorbidities into their evaluation of the risks and benefits of lung cancer screening and into their shared decision-making conversations with patients.

Methods: We conducted semistructured interviews by videoconference with 15 PCPs to assess the extent of shared decision-making practices and explore their understanding of the intersection of comorbidities and lung cancer screening, and how that understanding informed their clinical approach to this population.

The Benefits and Harms of Lung Cancer Screening in Individuals With Comorbidities.

Introduction: Individuals with a history of smoking and a high risk of lung cancer often have a high prevalence of smoking-related comorbidities. The presence of these comorbidities might alter the benefit-to-harm ratio of lung cancer screening by influencing the risk of complications, quality of life, and competing risks of death. Nevertheless, individuals with chronic diseases are underrepresented in screening clinical trials.

Lung Cancer Screening and Stigma: Do Smoking-related Differences in Perceived Lung Cancer Stigma Emerge Prior to Diagnosis?

Background: Most lung cancer patients report experiencing stigma (i.e., devaluation based on one's lung cancer diagnosis), which is associated with adverse health outcomes.

Examining the Trajectory of Health-Related Quality of Life among Coronavirus Disease Patients.

Background: Recent studies have reported a reduction in health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) among post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. However, there remains a gap in research examining the heterogeneity and determinants of HR-QoL trajectory in these patients.

Objective: To describe and identify factors explaining the variability in HR-QoL trajectories among a cohort of patients with history of COVID-19.

Greater executive dysfunction in patients post-COVID-19 compared to those not infected.

Background: A number of patients post-coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) report cognitive impairment (CI), even months after acute infection. We aimed to assess if COVID-19 is associated with increased incidence of CI in comparison to controls.

Methods: We analyzed data from the Mount Sinai Health System Post-COVID-19 Registry in New York City, a prospective cohort of patients post-COVID-19 ≥18 years of age and non-infected controls.

Comparison of Stage I Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Treatments for Patients Living With HIV: A Simulation Study.

Introduction: Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a leading cause of death for people living with HIV (PWH). Nevertheless, there are no clinical trial data regarding the management of early-stage lung cancer in PWH. Using data from large HIV and cancer cohorts we parameterized a simulation model to compare treatments for stage I NSCLC according to patient characteristics.

Leveraging social media to increase lung cancer screening awareness, knowledge and uptake among high-risk populations (The INSPIRE-Lung Study): study protocol of design and methods of a community-based randomized controlled trial.

Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death for both men and women in the United States. The National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) demonstrated that low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening can reduce lung cancer mortality among high-risk individuals, but uptake of lung screening remains low. Social media platforms have the potential to reach a large number of people, including those who are at high risk for lung cancer but who may not be aware of or have access to lung screening.

Leveraging social media to increase lung cancer screening awareness, knowledge and uptake among high-risk populations (The INSPIRE-Lung Study): Study protocol of design and methods of a community-based randomized controlled trial.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death for both men and women in the United States. The National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) demonstrated that low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening can reduce lung cancer mortality among high-risk individuals, but uptake of lung screening remains low. Social media platforms have the potential to reach a large number of people, including those who are at high risk for lung cancer but who may not be aware of or have access to lung screening.

Timely adherence to follow-up after high-risk lung cancer screenings.

Objective: To achieve the lung cancer screening (LCS) mortality benefit in clinical trials, timely, real-world follow-up of abnormal test results is necessary. Presently, annual LCS rates are lower than in trials, and adherence to follow-up after suspicious findings has not been well studied. This study examined timely adherence to follow-up recommendations after positive low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screenings.

Patient impressions of the impact of comorbidities on lung cancer screening benefits and harms: A qualitative analysis.

Objective: To learn about the beliefs and preferences of lung cancer screening (LCS) among patients undergoing LCS decision making. Specifically, we investigated how their comorbidity influences their interest in screening. The goal was to inform shared-decision making discussions around the role of comorbidities and LCS.

The benefits and harms of adjuvant chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer in patients with major comorbidities: A simulation study.

Background: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated a survival benefit for adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy after resection of locoregional non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The relative benefits and harms and optimal approach to treatment for NSCLC patients who have major comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD], coronary artery disease [CAD], and congestive heart failure [CHF]) are unclear, however.

Methods: We used a simulation model to run in-silico comparative trials of adjuvant chemotherapy versus observation in locoregional NSCLC in patients with comorbidities.

Assessment of treatment strategies for stage I non-small cell lung cancer in patients with comorbidities.

Introduction: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients frequently have major comorbidities but there is scarce data regarding the impact of these conditions on management strategies. We used simulation modeling to compare different treatments for stage I NSCLC for patients with common major comorbidities.

Methods: We used data on NSCLC patinet outcomes and quality of life from: (1) the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database linked to Medicare claims; (2) Kaiser Permanente Southern California electronic health records; and (3) SEER-Medical Health Outcomes Survey to parameterize a novel simulation model of management and outcomes for stage I NSCLC.

Impact of Comorbidities on Lung Cancer Screening Evaluation.

Objectives: We used data from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial to examine the impact of self-reported chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, coronary artery disease, stroke, and diabetes mellitus on diagnostic complications in lung cancer screening evaluation.

Methods: In our analysis, we included individuals from the usual care and intervention (annual chest x-ray) of the lung cancer screening trial with equal or greater than 55 years of age with a 20 pack-year smoking history who had undergone an invasive procedure. We performed multivariate logistic regression analysis to estimate the association of comorbidity on procedure complication.

Association of Vaccination with the Persistence of Post-COVID Symptoms.

Background: Patients who have had COVID-19 often report persistent symptoms after resolution of their acute illness. Recent reports suggest that vaccination may be associated with improvement in post-acute symptoms. We used data from a prospective cohort to assess differences in post-acute sequelae of COVID (PASC) among vaccinated vs.

Risk of Cardiovascular Toxicity According to Tumor Laterality Among Older Patients With Early Stage Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Treated With Radiation Therapy.

Background: The long-term risk of cardiovascular outcomes from either stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) or three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) plus intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) to treat early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is largely unknown. As continued adoption of SBRT accelerates, it is important to delineate unforeseen cardiovascular risks associated with treatment.

Research Question: Does the long-term risk of cardiovascular outcomes for patients with early stage NSCLC treated with either SBRT or 3DCRT plus IMRT differ by tumor laterality?

Study Design And Methods: Data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry linked to Medicare was analyzed to identify a sample of 3,256 patients (1,506 treated with SBRT and 1,750 treated with 3DCRT plus IMRT) with node-negative stage I or IIA NSCLC.

Estimating heterogeneous survival treatment effects of lung cancer screening approaches: A causal machine learning analysis.

The National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) found that low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening provided lung cancer (LC) mortality benefit compared to chest radiography (CXR). Considerable research concerns identifying the differential treatment effects that may exist in certain subpopulations. We shed light on several important issues in existing research and highlight the need for further investigation of the heterogeneous comparative effect of LDCT versus CXR, using more flexible and rigorous statistical approaches.

Optimal treatment strategies for stage I non-small cell lung cancer in veterans with pulmonary and cardiac comorbidities.

Background: Veterans are at increased risk of lung cancer and many have comorbidities such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and coronary artery disease (CAD). We used simulation modeling to assess projected outcomes associated with different management strategies of Veterans with stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with COPD and/or CAD.

Patients And Methods: Using data from a cohort of 14,029 Veterans (years 2000-2015) with NSCLC we extended a well-validated mathematical model of lung cancer to represent the management and outcomes of Veterans with stage I NSCLC with COPD, with or without comorbid CAD.

Assessing non-aggressiveness of untreated, local and regional, papillary thyroid cancer.

Objectives: With a steadily increasing thyroid cancer incidence, information regarding cancer aggressiveness is essential to determine which patients may be suitable for active surveillance. This study assessed the extent of non-aggressiveness of untreated, local and regional stage, papillary thyroid cancer.

Materials And Methods: We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry and included 1423 local stage and 337 regional stage papillary thyroid cancer cases.