Tolerability of Diquas LX on tear film and meibomian glands findings in a real clinical scenario.

Long-acting diquafosol ophthalmic solution (DQS-LX) has significant advantages regarding patient adherence owing to the reduced frequency of required eye drops; however, some patients prefer conventional diquafosol ophthalmic solution (DQS) over DQS-LX. Herein, to clarify the characteristics of patients according to their preference for ophthalmic solutions, dry eye (DE) and meibomian gland (MG) findings were retrospectively investigated. This study enrolled 341 patients with DE (mean age, 62.

Effects of a Long-Acting Diquafosol Ophthalmic Solution on the Ocular Surface, Tolerability, and Usability in Dry Eye Disease.

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the tolerability of high-viscosity diquafosol tetrasodium (DQS) ophthalmic solution (DIQUAS LX; DQSLX) and examine its usability and effect on clinical findings in patients with dry eye disease (DED).

Methods: This interventional retrospective study included 66 eyes of 66 patients with DED who switched from conventional DQS to DQSLX ophthalmic solution. Tear function assessments (tear film breakup time [BUT], keratoconjunctival vital staining [VS] score), evaluations of DED symptom relief, and a four-item usability questionnaire ("comfort upon instillation," "irritation upon instillation," "eye mucus discharge," "convenience of instillation frequency") assessed using a visual analog scale from 0 (worst) to 10 (best) were administered 4 weeks after switching to DQSLX.

Electroencephalogram-detected stress levels in the frontal lobe region of patients with dry eye.

Purpose: To evaluate stress levels extracted from prefrontal electroencephalogram (EEG) signals and investigate their relationship with dry eye symptoms.

Methods: This prospective, cross-sectional, comparative study included 25 eyes of 25 patients with aqueous tear-deficient dry eye (low Schirmer group), 25 eyes of 25 patients with short tear breakup time dry eye (short breakup time group), and 24 eyes of 24 individuals without dry eye. An EEG test, the Japanese version of the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), and a stress questionnaire were administered.

Autonomic Nerve Activity Features According to Dry Eye Type.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between autonomic nerve activity and symptom intensity according to the type of dry eye (DE).

Methods: This prospective, cross-sectional, comparative study included 25 eyes of 25 patients with short tear break-up time DE (sBUTDE; mean age = 57.4 ± 11.

Variability of autonomic nerve activity in dry eye with decreased tear stability.

The autonomic nervous system plays a crucial role in the maintenance of homeostasis. Neurogenic inflammation due to decreased stability of tear film may induce changes in autonomic nerve activity, which could be associated with symptom expression.This study aimed to measure biological parameters that represent autonomic nerve activity in dry eye (DE)s caused by tear film dysfunction and investigate their relationship with symptom intensity.

A Novel Lid Hygiene Detergent Successfully Eliminated Demodex Mites, a Common Pathogen of Refractory Obstructive Meibomian Gland Dysfunction.

Introduction: Demodex mites are microscopic arthropods that have been shown to be responsible for chronic blepharitis. Although many reports have demonstrated positive effects of lid hygiene on demodicosis, some have produced conflicting results. We retrospectively evaluated the effect of lid margin cleansing with a novel lid hygiene detergent, Eye Shampoo, in patients with ocular demodicosis.

Role of transient receptor potential melastatin 8 activity in menthol-induced cold sensitivity and its qualitative perception in dry eye.

Purpose: To evaluate the role of transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) activity in menthol-induced cold sensitivity and its qualitative perception in patients with dry eye (DE).

Methods: This prospective, cross-sectional, comparative study included 52 eyes of 52 subjects (mean age: 66.8 ± 9.

Capsaicin-induced pain sensitivity in short tear break-up time dry eye.

Purpose: To evaluate transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1)-mediated pain sensitivity in patients with short tear break-up time (TBUT) dry eye (DE) by using the capsaicin stimulus test.

Methods: This prospective cross-sectional comparative study included 22 eyes of 22 patients with short TBUT DE and 11 eyes of 11 non-DE control subjects. Patients were divided into two groups based on response to standard DE treatments: 10 non-responders (intractable DE) and 12 responders (responsive DE).

Age Is a Determining Factor of Dry Eye-Related Signs and Symptoms.

Purpose: The reported signs and symptoms of dry eye (DE) have been discordant. This study evaluated risk factors of DE-related symptoms and signs to explore their association with patient demographics, focusing on the age factor.

Methods: The study enrolled 704 consecutive patients visiting general eye clinics who complained of ocular discomfort, but had normal vision.

Tear Film Dynamics of Soft Contact Lens-Induced Dry Eye.

Purpose: This study aimed to prospectively assess tear dynamics in soft contact lens-induced dry eye while wearing and after removing the soft contact lenses.

Materials And Methods: We analyzed 17 right eyes of soft contact lens users at Wada Eye Clinic (11 men, 6 women; mean age: 36.8 ± 8.

Shortened Measurement Time of Functional Visual Acuity for Screening Visual Function.

The functional visual acuity test which is the average of the visual acuities measured during a specific time frame (standard, 60 seconds) has been used recently to assess the visual function in various conditions. The availability of a shorter version of the functional visual acuity test promises to be patient friendly in that it is a simple screening test performed in a shorter period of time than the standard test. The results of measurements of the FVA test between the 30-second measurement time (short-version FVA test) and the standard 60-second measurement are compared, and the feasibility of the short-version FVA test instead of the standard FVA test is investigated.

Safety and efficacy of wiping lid margins with lid hygiene shampoo using the "eye brush", a novel lid hygiene item, in healthy subjects: a pilot study.

Background: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of using a lid hygiene brush prototype to wipe the lid margins with lid hygiene shampoo in subjects with normal meibomian glands.

Methods: Twelve eyes of 6 subjects were all evaluated just before and after wiping lid margins using 1) tap water alone, 2) Eye Shampoo, 3) Eye Brush, or 4) both products, each during a different week. The results after using both products twice daily for 1 month were also evaluated.

Effect of Eyelid Hygiene Detergent on Obstructive Meibomian Gland Dysfunction.

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy of eyelid margin cleansing with lid hygiene detergent in patients with obstructive meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD).

Methods: As a pilot study, we investigated the safety and efficacy of lid hygiene using tap water and/or lid hygiene shampoo in fourteen eyes of 7 normal subjects. All subjects were instructed to cleanse the eyelid margin with tap water and/or lid hygiene shampoo.

Functional Visual Acuity.

Dry eye (DE) causes irregularity of the ocular surface and reduces the quality of vision. An intact, regular tear film is essential for high-quality retinal images; however, visual tasks requiring sustained gazing can disrupt the tear film, eventually degrading visual function. A functional visual acuity (FVA) measurement system has been uniquely developed in Japan to evaluate visual function related to tear stability in patients with DE.

Randomized Controlled Study to Investigate the Effect of Topical Diquafosol Tetrasodium on Corneal Sensitivity in Short Tear Break-Up Time Dry Eye.

Introduction: Complex mechanisms underlie dry eye (DE) symptom provocation. In particular, corneal hypersensitivity may provoke symptoms in short tear break-up time (BUT) DE characterized by tear film instability. We hypothesized that improved tear film stability may alleviate corneal sensitivity in patients with short tear BUT DE.

Relation of accommodative microfluctuation with dry eye symptoms in short tear break-up time dry eye.

Purpose: To investigate accommodative microfluctuations (AMFs) and visual function in short tear break-up time (BUT)-type dry eye (DE) and non-DE subjects.

Methods: This prospective comparative study included 48 volunteers with DE symptoms (mean age 34.8 ± 5.

Evaluation of a paper-based visual acuity questionnaire.

Purpose: To validate a paper-based visual acuity (PBVA) questionnaire.

Methods: In 2015, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 301 young and middle-aged, mostly male, Japanese subjects. The participants were asked to self-rate their visual acuity (VA) on a scale from 1 to 5.

Severe symptoms of short tear break-up time dry eye are associated with accommodative microfluctuations.

Aim: Validating the hypothesis that accommodative microfluctuations (AMFs) may be associated with severe symptoms in short tear break-up time (BUT) dry eye (DE).

Methods: This study included 12 subjects with short BUT DE (age: 49.6±18.

Eyelid cleansing with ointment for obstructive meibomian gland dysfunction.

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy of eyelid margin cleansing with ofloxacin ophthalmic ointment in obstructive meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) patients.

Methods: Thirty-one eyes of 31 patients diagnosed with obstructive MGD were enrolled. All subjects were instructed to rub the eyelid edge with ofloxacin eye ointment once daily prior to bathing.

Reducing Short-Wavelength Blue Light in Dry Eye Patients with Unstable Tear Film Improves Performance on Tests of Visual Acuity.

Purpose: To investigate whether suppression of blue light can improve visual function in patients with short tear break up time (BUT) dry eye (DE).

Methods: Twenty-two patients with short BUT DE (10 men, 12 women; mean age, 32.4 ± 6.

Functional Visual Acuity of Early Presbyopia.

Purpose: To evaluate visual function in patients with early presbyopia using the functional visual acuity (FVA) test.

Methods: This study included 27 eyes of 27 healthy older volunteers (mean age, 44.1 ± 2.

Relationship of Corneal Pain Sensitivity With Dry Eye Symptoms in Dry Eye With Short Tear Break-Up Time.

Purpose: The purpose of this prospective comparative study was to investigate corneal sensitivity in subjects with unstable tear film, with and without dry eye (DE) symptoms.

Methods: Forty-one eyes of 41 volunteers (mean age: 45.1 ± 9.

Analysis of Meibum Before and After Intraductal Meibomian Gland Probing in Eyes With Obstructive Meibomian Gland Dysfunction.

Purpose: To evaluate whether the amount of meibum and its viscosity change after intraductal meibomian gland probing in patients with refractory obstructive meibomian gland dysfunction (o-MGD).

Methods: Six lid margins of 3 patients with refractory o-MGD underwent intraductal meibomian gland probing. Meibum and the clinical outcome were evaluated before the procedure and at a 1-month postoperative visit.

Advanced dry eye screening for visual display terminal workers using functional visual acuity measurement: the Moriguchi study.

Purpose: To evaluate the validity of a dry eye (DE) screening method in visual display terminal (VDT) workers using functional visual acuity (VA) measurement combined with a symptoms questionnaire, and to make recommendations regarding practical use of the screening.

Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study included 369 young and middle-age office workers, who use VDTs. Subjects completed two types of DE questionnaires and underwent DE testing and functional VA measurement.