Uncorrected Refractive Error in the African American Eye Disease Study.

Importance: Refractive error remains the largest cause of correctable visual impairment in the US. Correction of refractive error will reduce visual impairment and its associated morbidity but also improve quality of life and productivity.

Objective: To determine the burden of and risk factors (RFs) associated with any uncorrected refractive error (UCRE) and unmet refractive need (URN) in a population-based sample of African American adults.

Prevalence of Comprehensive Eye Examination in Preschool Children With Eye Conditions.

Introduction: The purpose of this study is to assess the prevalence of comprehensive eye examinations in multiethnic preschool children, including children with visually significant eye conditions, and identify factors associated with comprehensive eye examinations.

Methods: A sample of 9,197 African American, Hispanic, Asian American, and non-Hispanic White children aged 6-72 months was recruited for the Multi-Ethnic Pediatric Eye Disease Study from 2003 to 2011. Logistic regression performed in 2022 identified independent factors associated with parent-reported history of comprehensive eye examinations.

Asian Cohort for Alzheimer's Disease (ACAD) pilot study on genetic and non-genetic risk factors for Alzheimer's disease among Asian Americans and Canadians.

Introduction: Clinical research in Alzheimer's disease (AD) lacks cohort diversity despite being a global health crisis. The Asian Cohort for Alzheimer's Disease (ACAD) was formed to address underrepresentation of Asians in research, and limited understanding of how genetics and non-genetic/lifestyle factors impact this multi-ethnic population.

Methods: The ACAD started fully recruiting in October 2021 with one central coordination site, eight recruitment sites, and two analysis sites.

Use of the Spanish English Neuropsychological Assessment Scale in older adult Latines and those at risk for autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease.

Objective: The Spanish English Neuropsychological Assessment Scale (SENAS) is a cognitive battery with English and Spanish versions for use with persons for whom either language is predominant. Few studies have examined its utility outside the normative sample. The current study examined SENAS performance in samples of older adult Latines and Latines with or at risk for autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease (ADAD) mutations.

Classification of Angle Closure Severity by Hierarchical Cluster Analysis of Ocular Biometrics in the Dark and Light.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the classification of angle closure eyes based on hierarchical cluster analysis of ocular biometrics measured in the dark and light using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT).

Methods: Participants of the Chinese American Eye Study received complete eye examinations to identify primary angle closure suspects (PACS) and primary angle closure without/with glaucoma (PAC/G). AS-OCT was performed in the dark and light.

Refractive Error and Anterior Chamber Depth as Risk Factors in Primary Angle Closure Disease: The Chinese American Eye Study.

Prcis: The risk of primary angle closure disease (PACD) rises rapidly with greater hyperopia while remaining relatively low for all degrees of myopia. Refractive error (RE) is useful for angle closure risk stratification in the absence of biometric data.

Purpose: To assess the role of RE and anterior chamber depth (ACD) as risk factors in PACD.

A Rare Germline HOXB13 Variant Contributes to Risk of Prostate Cancer in Men of African Ancestry.

A rare African ancestry-specific germline deletion variant in HOXB13 (X285K, rs77179853) was recently reported in Martinican men with early-onset prostate cancer. Given the role of HOXB13 germline variation in prostate cancer, we investigated the association between HOXB13 X285K and prostate cancer risk in a large sample of 22 361 African ancestry men, including 11 688 prostate cancer cases. The risk allele was present only in men of West African ancestry, with an allele frequency in men that ranged from 0.

Visual Field Loss Impacts Vision-Specific Quality of Life by Race and Ethnicity: The Multiethnic Ophthalmology Cohorts of California Study.

Purpose: To assess the impact of visual field loss (VFL) on vision-specific quality of life (VSQOL) by race, ethnicity, and age.

Design: Pooled analysis of cross-sectional data from 3 population-based, prospective cohort studies.

Participants: The Multiethnic Ophthalmology Cohorts of California Study (MOCCaS) participants included 6142 Latinos, 4582 Chinese Americans, and 6347 Black Americans from Los Angeles County.

Impact of Visual Field Loss on Vision-Specific Quality of Life in African Americans: The African American Eye Disease Study.

Purpose: To elucidate how visual field loss (VFL) impacts self-reported vision-specific quality of life (VSQOL) in African Americans, who experience a disproportionate burden of visual impairment.

Design: Cross-sectional, population-based cohort.

Methods: Eligible participants (n = 7,957) were recruited who self-identified as African American, were aged 40 years or older, and resided in Inglewood, California, USA.

Trans-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analysis of prostate cancer identifies new susceptibility loci and informs genetic risk prediction.

Prostate cancer is a highly heritable disease with large disparities in incidence rates across ancestry populations. We conducted a multiancestry meta-analysis of prostate cancer genome-wide association studies (107,247 cases and 127,006 controls) and identified 86 new genetic risk variants independently associated with prostate cancer risk, bringing the total to 269 known risk variants. The top genetic risk score (GRS) decile was associated with odds ratios that ranged from 5.

Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness in Healthy Eyes of Black, Chinese, and Latino Americans: A Population-Based Multiethnic Study.

Purpose: To compare peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness among healthy adults by race and ethnicity and to identify determinants of RNFL thickness.

Design: Population-based cross-sectional study.

Participants: Data from 6133 individuals (11 585 eyes) from 3 population-based studies in Los Angeles County, California, 50 years of age or older and of self-described African, Chinese, or Latin American ancestry.

A Mitochondrial Genome-Wide Association Study of Cataract in a Latino Population.

Purpose: Over 9.5 million Latinos could be affected by cataracts by 2050. However, no known cataract genetic risk alleles have been identified in Latinos.

FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH PREVALENT LENS OPACITIES IN CHINESE AMERICAN ADULTS: THE CHINESE AMERICAN EYE STUDY.

Purpose: To identify risk factors associated with lens opacities in Chinese Americans.

Methods: A cross-sectional population-based study of 4,582 Chinese Americans ≥50 years residing in Monterey Park, California. Participants completed a comprehensive clinical examination with lens assessment using the Lens Opacities Classification System II, with lens opacities defined by a grade ≥2 in either eye.

Factors Associated with Visual Impairment in Chinese American Adults: The Chinese American Eye Study.

: To assess associations between multiple factors comprising a conceptual model of visual impairment (VI) in a population of Chinese Americans (CAs), and identify independent VI risk factors. : A population-based study of 4582 CAs aged 50 years and older residing in Monterey Park, California. A comprehensive eye examination was performed.

Correlation between Intraocular Pressure and Angle Configuration Measured by OCT: The Chinese American Eye Study.

Purpose: To characterize the relationship between angle configuration measured by anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and intraocular pressure (IOP).

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Participants: Subjects aged 50 years or older were identified from the Chinese American Eye Study (CHES), a population-based epidemiological study in Los Angeles, CA.

Protein-coding variants implicate novel genes related to lipid homeostasis contributing to body-fat distribution.

Body-fat distribution is a risk factor for adverse cardiovascular health consequences. We analyzed the association of body-fat distribution, assessed by waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index, with 228,985 predicted coding and splice site variants available on exome arrays in up to 344,369 individuals from five major ancestries (discovery) and 132,177 European-ancestry individuals (validation). We identified 15 common (minor allele frequency, MAF ≥5%) and nine low-frequency or rare (MAF <5%) coding novel variants.

Machine Learning Models for Diagnosing Glaucoma from Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness Maps.

Purpose: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of multiple machine learning models using full retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness maps in detecting glaucoma.

Design: Case-control study.

Participants: A total of 93 eyes from 69 patients with glaucoma and 128 eyes from 128 age- and sex-matched healthy controls from the Los Angeles Latino Eye Study (LALES), a large population-based, longitudinal cohort study consisting of Latino participants aged ≥40 years residing in El Puente, California.

The African American Eye Disease Study: Design and Methods.

Purpose: To describe the study design, operational and recruitment strategies, procedures, and baseline characteristics of the African American Eye Disease Study (AFEDS), a population-based assement of the prevalence of visual impairment, ocular disease, visual function, and health-related quality of life in African Americans.

Methods: This population-based, cross-sectional study included over 6000 African Americans 40 years and older residing in and around Inglewood, California. A detailed interview and eye examination was performed on each eligible participant.

Factors Associated with Prevalent Diabetic Retinopathy in Chinese Americans: The Chinese American Eye Study.

Objective: To identify factors associated with prevalent diabetic retinopathy (DR) among Chinese American adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and to compare these factors to ones previously described for a population-based sample of Latinos with a higher DR prevalence.

Design: Population-based cross-sectional study.

Participants: 4582 Chinese Americans aged 50 or older residing in Monterey Park, California.

Factors Associated with Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Chinese American Adults: The Chinese American Eye Study (CHES).

Objective: To assess associations between age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and multiple factors comprising a conceptual model of AMD risk in a population of Chinese Americans, and to draw comparisons with a similar risk assessment of a Latino population.

Design: A cross-sectional population-based study.

Participants: We enrolled 4582 Chinese Americans aged ≥50 residing in Monterey Park, California.

Variation in Intraocular Pressure and the Risk of Developing Open-Angle Glaucoma: The Los Angeles Latino Eye Study.

Purpose: To determine whether measures of intraocular pressure (IOP) variation are independently associated with the risk of developing open-angle glaucoma (OAG).

Design: A population-based, longitudinal study.

Methods: A total of 3666 Latinos free of OAG at the baseline of the Los Angeles Latino Eye Study were followed up 4 years later.

Prevalence and Characteristics of Myopic Degeneration in an Adult Chinese American Population: The Chinese American Eye Study.

Purpose: To characterize and provide population-based prevalence estimates of myopic degeneration (MD) among Chinese Americans, the fastest-growing minority population in the United States in the last decade.

Design: Population-based, cross-sectional study.

Methods: A total of 1523 Chinese-American adults with myopia, aged 50 years and older, residing in the city of Monterey Park, California, underwent an interview and comprehensive eye examination, including subjective and objective refraction and stereoscopic fundus photography.