PdZrO/rGO-FTO as an effective modified anode and cathode toward methanol electro-oxidation and hydrogen evolution reactions.

In the present work, Pd/rGO and PdZrO/rGO nanostructures were synthesized in a single step by hydrothermal method. Synthesized nanostructures containing 20 wt% Pd nanoparticles were characterized and approved using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy techniques. The performance of Pd and PdZrOhybridized with rGO as catalysts were investigated and compared in the process of hydrogen production by water electrolysis and also in the process of electricity generation by methanol oxidation in the fuel cell.