Subregion-specific associations of the basal forebrain with sleep and cognition in Parkinson's disease.

To elucidate the role of basal forebrain (BF) in non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD), we investigated the association of sleep quality and cognition with BF volume and functional connectivity. The gray matter volume of the anterior intermediate part (Ch4ai) and the anterior lateral part (Ch4al) of the nucleus basalis Meynert were negatively associated with the PSQI global score. The posterior part of the nucleus basalis Meynert (Ch4p) volume was positively associated with visuospatial, memory, and executive functions.

[Amyloid-Related Imaging Abnormalities in Anti-Amyloid Monoclonal Antibody Therapy for Alzheimer's Disease: Expert Recommendation for Standard MRI Protocol].

The introduction of anti-amyloid therapies for Alzheimer's disease (AD), such as lecanemab (Lequembi), which was recently approved in Korea, necessitates careful monitoring for amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA) using brain MRI. To optimize ARIA monitoring in Korean clinical settings, the Korean Society of Neuroradiology (KSNR) and the Age and Neurodegeneration Imaging (ANDI) Study Group proposed MRI protocol recommendations on essential MR sequences, MRI acquisition parameters, timing and condition of MRI examinations, and essential details to provide a scientific basis for maximizing the safety and efficacy of AD treatment. A customized, standardized MRI protocol focusing on Korea's healthcare environment can improve ARIA management and ensure patient safety through early detection of potential anti-amyloid therapy side effects, thereby enhancing treatment quality.

Application of artificial intelligence in the detection of Borrmann type 4 advanced gastric cancer in upper endoscopy (with video).

Background: Borrmann type-4 (B-4) advanced gastric cancer is challenging to diagnose through routine endoscopy, leading to a poor prognosis. The objective of this study was to develop an artificial intelligence (AI)-based system capable of detecting B-4 gastric cancers using upper endoscopy.

Methods: Endoscopic images from 259 patients who were diagnosed with B-4 gastric cancer and 595 controls who had benign conditions were retrospectively collected from Seoul National University Hospital for training and testing.

Establishing Normative Values for Entire Spinal Cord Morphometrics in East Asian Young Adults.

Objective: The quantitative assessment of spinal cord volume is still in the early stages of development. Recently, normative morphometric values of the cervical spinal cord have been reported. This study aimed to establish normative values for spinal cord morphometry, extending beyond the cervical region to include the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord, and to examine the influence of sex and ethnicity on these measurements.

A joint three-plane physics-constrained deep learning based polynomial fitting approach for MR electrical properties tomography.

Magnetic resonance electrical properties tomography can extract the electrical properties of in-vivo tissue. To estimate tissue electrical properties, various reconstruction algorithms have been proposed. However, physics-based reconstructions are prone to various artifacts such as noise amplification and boundary artifact.

Restoration of Sestrin 3 Expression Mitigates Cardiac Oxidative Damage in Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Model.

Cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) occurs when blood flow is restored to the myocardium after a period of ischemia, leading to oxidative stress and subsequent myocardial cell damage, primarily due to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In our previous research, we identified that miR-25 is significantly overexpressed in pressure overload-induced heart failure, and its inhibition improves cardiac function by restoring the expression of SERCA2a, a key protein involved in calcium regulation. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of miR-25 in the context of ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Genetic Correlation Analysis of Calving Ease and Gestation Length of Korean Holstein Cattle.

Objective: To investigate genetic correlation between calving ease (CE) and gestation length (GL) traits of Korean Holstein cattle to understand genetic structures of these two traits and their potential implications.

Methods: Records of progenies from first parity (P1, N=117,921) and second parity (P2, N=141,104) Holsteins cows were used for analysis. All phenotypes (CE and GL) were considered as calf traits.

Transdural location as a predictor of recurrence in spinal cord meningiomas.

Spinal cord meningiomas are typically benign, rare tumors that pose clinical challenges owing to their location and potential for spinal cord compression. This study aimed to assess the radiological features of spinal cord meningiomas and the key factors associated with their recurrence. We conducted a retrospective, single-institution study on 67 patients with pathologically confirmed spinal cord meningiomas who were surgically treated between January 2016 and December 2023.

Association of Striatal Dopamine Depletion and Brain Metabolism Changes With Motor and Cognitive Deficits in Patients With Parkinson Disease.

Background And Objectives: Parkinson disease (PD) shows degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and characteristic changes in brain metabolism. However, how they correlated and affect motor and cognitive dysfunction in PD has not yet been well elucidated.

Methods: In this single-site cross-sectional study, we enrolled patients with PD who underwent -(3-[F]fluoropropyl)-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)nortropane (F-FP-CIT) PET, F-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) PET, the Movement Disorder Society-sponsored Unified PD Rating Scale examination, and detailed neuropsychological testing.

Protocol for a prospective, longitudinal cohort study on the incidence of dementia after the onset of delirium in patients with mild cognitive impairment: MDDCohort (Mild Cognitive Impairment Delirium Dementia).

Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a major risk factor for delirium. Few studies with mid- to long-term follow-up periods have examined delirium, MCI, and the conversion of MCI to dementia. This prospective, longitudinal cohort study aims to assess the incidence of dementia after delirium onset in patients with MCI and to develop an artificial intelligence algorithm for predicting the conversion of MCI to dementia.

Enhancing Digital Health Engagement in Chronic Disease: The Role of Doctor-Patient Communication and Media Use in Acceptance of Digital Health Care Among End-Stage Kidney Disease Patients.

This study examines digital health challenges among end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients, a population characterized by older age, lower socioeconomic status, and limited access to modern technologies. Drawing from the Mere Exposure Effect, the Technology Acceptance Model, and insights from doctor-patient communication literature, our study implemented a month-long intervention across three distinct groups. The Digital Media Exposure Group watched doctor-recommended videos on YouTube using a tablet PC twice weekly for four weeks.

Deep Network Regularization for Phase-Based Magnetic Resonance Electrical Properties Tomography With Stein's Unbiased Risk Estimator.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can estimate tissue conductivity values using phase-based magnetic resonance electrical properties tomography (MR-EPT). However, this method is prone to noise amplification due to the Laplacian operator's sensitivity. To address this issue, we propose a novel unsupervised preprocessing denoiser for MRI transceive phase images.

Investigating family resilience factors for enhancing family adaptation in children with epilepsy.

Purpose: To identify and understand the key family resilience factors that contribute to the improved family adaptation of children with epilepsy.

Methods: Parent of children with epilepsy treated in the outpatient unit and general ward at Severance Children's Hospital in Seoul, Korea, completed a structured online questionnaire between April and May 2023. This study examined risk (epilepsy severity, time since diagnosis, parental depression, and perceived stigma) and protective factors (child temperament, epilepsy knowledge, family communication skills, parent's educational level, monthly household income, and social support) of family adaptation based on Patterson's Family Resilience Model.

Usefulness and Limitations of PFGE Diagnosis and Nucleotide Sequencing Method in the Analysis of Food Poisoning Pathogens Found in Cooking Employees.

In the case of a food poisoning outbreak, it is essential to understand the relationship between cooking workers and food poisoning. Many biological diagnostic methods have recently been developed to detect food poisoning pathogens. Among these diagnostic tools, this study presents PCR-based pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and nucleotide sequencing diagnostic analysis results for diagnosing food poisoning outbreaks associated with cooking employees in Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea.

Inhibition of miR-25 ameliorates cardiac and skeletal muscle dysfunction in aged haploinsufficient (+/-) mice.

Dystrophic cardiomyopathy is a significant feature of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Increased cardiomyocyte cytosolic calcium (Ca) and interstitial fibrosis are major pathophysiological hallmarks that ultimately result in cardiac dysfunction. MicroRNA-25 (miR-25) has been identified as a suppressor of both sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2a (SERCA2a) and mothers against decapentaplegic homolog-7 (Smad7) proteins.

Sex reporting of cells used in cancer research: A systematic review.

Sex and gender disparities in biomedical research have been emphasized to improve scientific knowledge applied for the health of both men and women. Despite sex differences in cancer incidence, prognosis, and responses to therapeutic agents, mechanistic explanations at molecular levels are far from enough. Recent studies suggested that cell sex is an important biological variable due to differences in sex chromosome gene expression and differences in events associated with developmental biology.

Effectiveness of a healthy lifestyle program based on a mobile serious game for childhood cancer survivors: A quasi-randomized trial.

Purpose: This study aimed to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a healthy lifestyle program based on a mobile serious game (HLP-MSG) to enhance the lifestyles of childhood cancer survivors (CCSs).

Methods: This program proceeded in two stages: development and evaluation, using a non-synchronized design with a quasi-randomized trial. The participants were CCSs aged 6-13 years whose treatment was terminated at least 12 months prior.

Healthcare Interventions for Children Using Nonimmersive Virtual Reality: A Mixed Methods Systematic Review.

Introduction: Nonimmersive virtual reality (NIVR), a computer-generated virtual reality experience wherein users are not fully immersed, has been increasingly used in pediatric healthcare. This study aimed to identify the effects of NIVR-based interventions for children.

Method: A mixed methods systematic review of relevant studies published until December 2023 was conducted.

Differential association between physical activity behaviours and dynapenia by comorbid diseases in community-dwelling Korean older adults.

Background: Physical activity (PA) behaviours and comorbid diseases are associated with muscle strength. However, the association between dynapenia and detailed PA behaviours, including participation in aerobic and resistance exercises and sedentary behaviour (SB), in relation to comorbid diseases has not yet been investigated. Using nationwide data, this study aimed to evaluate the independent association of dynapenia with detailed PA behaviour (participation in aerobic and resistance exercises and SB), and assess the differential associations of detailed PA behaviour with dynapenia according to comorbid diseases with prevalent sarcopenia.

Diagnostic Performance of Pointwise Encoding Time Reduction with Radial Acquisition Subtraction-based MR Angiography in the Follow-up of Intracranial Aneurysms after Clipping.

Purpose: While follow-up assessment of clipped aneurysms (CAs) using magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) can be challenging due to susceptibility artifacts, a novel MRA sequence pointwise encoding time reduction with radial acquisition (PETRA) subtraction-based MRA, has been developed to reduce these artifacts. The aim of the study was to validate the diagnostic performance of PETRA-MRA by comparing it with digital subtraction angiography (DSA) as a reference for follow-up of CAs using a 3T MR scanner.

Methods: Patients with clipping who underwent both PETRA-MRA and DSA between September 2019 and December 2021 were retrospectively included.

Development of RLK-Unet: a clinically favorable deep learning algorithm for brain metastasis detection and treatment response assessment.

Purpose/objectives: Previous deep learning (DL) algorithms for brain metastasis (BM) detection and segmentation have not been commonly used in clinics because they produce false-positive findings, require multiple sequences, and do not reflect physiological properties such as necrosis. The aim of this study was to develop a more clinically favorable DL algorithm (RLK-Unet) using a single sequence reflecting necrosis and apply it to automated treatment response assessment.

Methods And Materials: A total of 128 patients with 1339 BMs, who underwent BM magnetic resonance imaging using the contrast-enhanced 3D T1 weighted (T1WI) turbo spin-echo black blood sequence, were included in the development of the DL algorithm.