The impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on retinopathy of prematurity screening and management in the United States: a multicenter study.

Purpose: To study the effect of the pandemic-related lockdown (physical distance measures and movement restrictions) on the characteristics and management of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

Methods: In this controlled, multicenter cohort study, the medical records of patients born prematurely and screened for ROP in the neonatal intensive care unit during four time periods were reviewed retrospectively: (1) November 1, 2018, to March 15, 2019; (2) March 16, 2019, to August 2, 2019 (lockdown control period); (3) November 1, 2019, to March 15, 2020; and (4) March 16, 2020-August 2, 2020.

Results: A total of 1,645 patients met inclusion criteria.

EVOLUTION OF THE "OMEGA SIGN" ON OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY.

Purpose: To present the early postoperative evolution of retained subretinal perfluoro- n -octane (PFO) as captured on optical coherence tomography.

Methods: Case report of a patient.

Results: A 58-year-old woman was noted to have subretinal PFO after undergoing autologous retinal graft for macular hole closure under PFO tamponade.

ENDOPHTHALMITIS AFTER INTRAVITREAL INJECTIONS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC WITH IMPLEMENTATION OF UNIVERSAL MASKING.

Purpose: To evaluate the rates of postintravitreal injection-related endophthalmitis during the COVID-19 pandemic with institution of both physician and patient face masking.

Methods: All eyes receiving intravitreal injections of any kind from a single large tertiary retina practice in Houston, TX before (August 2017-March 22, 2020) and after (March 23, 2020-September 2020) COVID-19 pandemic universal masking protocols. The total number of injections and cases of acute injection-related endophthalmitis were determined from billing records and subsequent retrospective chart review.

Characteristic Visual Field Defect From Lateral Geniculate Body Stroke.

A 58-year-old man presented with a complaint of subjective visual field loss on the right side and hypertensive emergency. Examination revealed a right homonymous hemianopia. Computed tomography imaging revealed an acute stroke of the left lateral geniculate body.

Locally Invasive Diffuse Iris Ring Melanoma Presenting as Unilateral Severe Glaucoma: Case Report and Review of Molecular Genetics.

We report the clinical history and histopathological findings in a case of diffuse iris ring melanoma (DIM) and review the most recent literature and modern molecular genetics of this entity. An 85-year-old Hispanic man presented with severe unilateral glaucoma, managed at an outside institution for 2 years prior to presentation. Diffuse pigmentation was noted in the angle, on the intraocular lens implant, and in the vitreous without clear demonstration of a mass on ultrasound biomicroscopy.

Regionally Specific Economic Impact of Screening and Treating Retinopathy of Prematurity in Middle-Income Societies in the Philippines.

Purpose: To estimate the economic effects of implementing a universal screening and treatment program for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in the Philippines with the Economic Model for Retinopathy of Prematurity (EcROP).

Methods: The EcROP is a cost-effectiveness, cost-benefit, and cost-utility analysis. Fifty parents of legally blind individuals (aged 3 to 28 years) from three schools for the blind in the Philippines were interviewed to estimate the societal burden of raising a blind child.

Atypical pituitary adenoma with orbital invasion: Case report and review of the literature.

Pituitary adenoma invasion into the orbit is a rare phenomenon with only 22 cases, including the present case, in the literature. Our case is a 31-year-old man who presented with biopsy-proven atypical pituitary adenoma invading the right orbit after a prior resection. We compare his clinical course with previous cases and discuss clinical features, radiological features, management considerations, histologic features, and prognosis.

Neurothekeoma of the Cornea.

Neurothekeomas (NTKs) are benign cutaneous neoplasms of fibrohistiocytic origin and most commonly occur in the head, neck, and upper extremities. Traditionally, NTK and nerve sheath myxoma (NSM) were classified as subtypes of a single neoplasm with a common histogenesis, but recently immunostaining has demonstrated that the lesions are most likely of distinct cellular origin. Rarely, NTKs have been reported to occur in the ocular adnexa, and the present case of a 39-year-old female is the first to describe a cellular NTK originating in the cornea and mimicking a Salzmann's nodular degeneration.

Modified Rapid AChE Method (MRAM) for Hirschsprung Disease Diagnosis: A Journey from Meier-Ruge Until Now.

Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) can be diagnosed using a variety of histological and immunohistochemical methods and stains. Because of the nature of the condition and the need for a rapid diagnostic confirmation, those methods with high accuracy and fast turnaround times are preferred. The authors of this paper have used rapid acetylcholinesterase (AChE) immunohistochemistry in conjunction with standard H&E in order to optimize diagnostic accuracy, and present a modified rapid AChE method (MRAM) that has been successfully utilized for over 20 years.

Xeroderma pigmentosa: three new cases with an in depth review of the genetic and clinical characteristics of the disease.

Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by hypersensitivity of the skin and eyes to UV-radiation as a result of a defect in one of eight genes. Seven genes (XPA-XPG) have a defect in Nucletoide Excision Repair (NER), while the eighth gene XPV has a defect in polymerase η, which is responsible for replication of UV-damaged DNA to produce corrected daughter strands. We present the varied clinical courses of three African-American female patients with XP.

The spectrum of pulmonary malformation in trisomy-21 patient. A review with emphasis on the molecular-genetic basis.

Gene overexpression has been identified as a primary determining factor for the distinct Down syndrome (DS) phenotypes. Previous genetic research has identified a spectrum of gene expressions responsible for many of the observed traits in DS patients including cardiovascular, brain, and GI anomalies. However, the molecular/genetic basis underlying pulmonary anomalies are yet to be identified, even though respiratory complications represent the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in DS patients.

Spinal cysticercosis mimicking a tumor in a pediatric patient.

Parasitic infections of the central nervous system (CNS) occur mostly in underdeveloped regions of the world. Neurocysticercosis (NC) occurs when the larval form of the T. solium tapeworm invades the CNS.