27-GAUGE PARS PLANA/PLICATA VITRECTOMY FOR PEDIATRIC VITREORETINAL SURGERY.

Purpose: To report on the feasibility of 27-gauge (G) vitrectomy for pediatric patients.

Methods: This study is an international, multicenter, retrospective, interventional case series. Participants were patients 17 years or younger who underwent 27-G vitrectomy for various indications.

Short-Term Outcomes of Pediatric Keratoprosthesis With the Near-Complete Conjunctival Flap.

Purpose: The Boston keratoprosthesis (KPro) has been used for certain indications in pediatric patients with congenital corneal opacities. Here, we describe the use of a near-complete conjunctival flap at the time of Boston type 1 KPro surgery in pediatric patients, with the goal of improving pediatric KPro outcomes.

Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of 21 eyes from 16 patients who received their first KPro before the age of 18 years at a tertiary care center in Rochester, NY.

Quantitative Comparison of Fundus Images by 2 Ultra-Widefield Fundus Cameras.

Purpose: To compare the relative number of retinal pixels and retinal area imaged using the Optos P200DTx (Optos PLC) and Zeiss Clarus 500 (Carl Zeiss Meditec AG) ultra-widefield (UWF) fundus cameras.

Design: Single-center retrospective cross-sectional analysis.

Participants: Seventy-eight eyes of 46 patients.

High-Resolution Adaptive Optics in Vivo Autofluorescence Imaging in Stargardt Disease.

Importance: Targeting the early pathogenic steps in Stargardt disease type 1 (STGD1) is critical to advance our understanding of this condition and to develop potential therapies. Lipofuscin precursors may accumulate within photoreceptors, leading to photoreceptor damage and preceding retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell death. Fluorescence adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscopy can provide autofluorescence (AF) images in vivo with microscopic resolution to elucidate the cellular origin of AF abnormalities in STGD1.

Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium: In Vivo Cell Morphometry, Multispectral Autofluorescence, and Relationship to Cone Mosaic.

Purpose: To characterize in vivo morphometry and multispectral autofluorescence of the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell mosaic and its relationship to cone cell topography across the macula.

Methods: RPE cell morphometrics were computed in regularly spaced regions of interest (ROIs) from contiguous short-wavelength autofluorescence (SWAF) and photoreceptor reflectance images collected across the macula in one eye of 10 normal participants (23-65 years) by using adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO). Infrared autofluorescence (IRAF) images of the RPE were collected with AOSLO in seven normal participants (22-65 years), with participant overlap, and compared to SWAF quantitatively and qualitatively.

Drusen in patient-derived hiPSC-RPE models of macular dystrophies.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and related macular dystrophies (MDs) are a major cause of vision loss. However, the mechanisms underlying their progression remain ill-defined. This is partly due to the lack of disease models recapitulating the human pathology.

Imaging individual neurons in the retinal ganglion cell layer of the living eye.

Although imaging of the living retina with adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO) provides microscopic access to individual cells, such as photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelial cells, and blood cells in the retinal vasculature, other important cell classes, such as retinal ganglion cells, have proven much more challenging to image. The near transparency of inner retinal cells is advantageous for vision, as light must pass through them to reach the photoreceptors, but it has prevented them from being directly imaged in vivo. Here we show that the individual somas of neurons within the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) layer can be imaged with a modification of confocal AOSLO, in both monkeys and humans.

SAFETY PROFILE OF OCRIPLASMIN FOR SYMPTOMATIC VITREOMACULAR ADHESION: A Comprehensive Analysis of Premarketing and Postmarketing Experiences.

Purpose: After the recent approval of ocriplasmin by the Food and Drug Administration, postmarketing safety concerns have been raised by the vitreoretinal community. The American Society of Retina Specialists Therapeutic Surveillance Committee was commissioned to monitor postmarketing drug-related and device-related adverse events. The purpose of this report is to analyze the postmarketing safety experience in the context of available premarketing safety data.

Postmarketing analysis of aflibercept-related sterile intraocular inflammation.

Importance: Aflibercept-related sterile inflammation, an event that is poorly understood, has been the subject of ongoing postmarketing reports.

Objective: To analyze cases of aflibercept-related sterile inflammation reported to the American Society of Retina Specialists (ASRS) Therapeutic Surveillance Committee (TSC), an independent task force formed to monitor drug- and device-related safety events.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A retrospective review of 56 cases in 55 patients was performed of all cases of sterile inflammation after aflibercept injection that were voluntarily reported by 12 practices throughout the United States to the ASRS TSC from December 1, 2011, through February 12, 2014.

In vivo imaging of retinal pigment epithelium cells in age related macular degeneration.

Morgan and colleagues demonstrated that the RPE cell mosaic can be resolved in the living human eye non-invasively by imaging the short-wavelength autofluorescence using an adaptive optics (AO) ophthalmoscope. This method, based on the assumption that all subjects have the same longitudinal chromatic aberration (LCA) correction, has proved difficult to use in diseased eyes, and in particular those affected by age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In this work, we improve Morgan's method by accounting for chromatic aberration variations by optimizing the confocal aperture axial and transverse placement through an automated iterative maximization of image intensity.

Leber congenital amaurosis associated with Chiari I malformation: Two cases and a review of the literature.

Objective: Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) is a rare, clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorder characterized by severe loss of vision in the first year of life, affecting approximately 3000 people in the United States. Some LCA patients manifest developmental abnormalities of the central nervous system (CNS) and neuroradiological studies have revealed a variety of cerebral anomalies in association with LCA; however, Chiari I malformations (CMI) have never been described.

Case Description: We report two sisters who were referred to the pediatric neurosurgery clinic for evaluation of CMI.

Infectious endophthalmitis in adult eyes receiving Boston type I keratoprosthesis.

Purpose: To report the clinical characteristics of infectious endophthalmitis after Boston type I keratoprosthesis (K-Pro) implantation.

Design: Retrospective study.

Participants: One hundred forty-one adult eyes receiving a K-Pro at a single institution from May 2004 through July 2008.

Three-dimensional distribution of the vitelliform lesion, photoreceptors, and retinal pigment epithelium in the macula of patients with best vitelliform macular dystrophy.

Objective: To describe the anatomical phenotypes of Best vitelliform macular dystrophy (BVMD) with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in a large series of patients with confirmed mutations in the BEST1 gene.

Methods: In our retrospective observational case series, we assessed 15 patients (30 eyes) with a clinical diagnosis of vitelliform macular dystrophy who were found to have mutations in the BEST1 gene. Color fundus photographs and SD-OCT images were evaluated and compared with those of 15 age-matched controls (30 eyes).