Atrial Fibrillation: Rate Versus Rhythm Control.

Description Atrial fibrillation (AF) remains the most common arrhythmia worldwide and is expected to affect approximately 12 million individuals in the United States alone by 2030. Thromboembolic events remain a feared complication of AF and should be treated and risk-stratified utilizing the CHADS-VASc scoring system. Other complications of AF span a wide spectrum from impaired quality of life (QoL) to an increase in all-cause mortality.

A Rare Case Report of Flecainide-Induced Left Bundle Branch Block (LBBB) and Transient Cardiomyopathy.

Flecainide is an antiarrhythmic agent that has been reported to have numerous cardiotoxic effects, including the development of arrhythmias and the reduction of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). However, it is not commonly reported as a cause for left bundle branch block and cardiomyopathy. In this case report, we present the case of a 67-year-old female patient who developed transient cardiomyopathy and left bundle branch block (LBBB) secondary to flecainide therapy.

Annular Rupture Due to Calcified Nodule Located in Left Ventricular Outflow Tract (LVOT) During Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR) Managed by Protamine Sulfate.

Annular rupture is a rare yet fatal complication of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). The likelihood of annular rupture is increased by the presence of extensive subannular calcification, excessive balloon dilatation for valve expansion or aggressive valve oversizing to prevent paravalvular leakage during TAVR. Although extensive annular or aortic root calcification increases the likelihood of annular rupture, rupture due to the presence of a calcified nodule in the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) is not commonly reported.