Correlating hippocampal and amygdala volumes with neuropathological burden in Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disease and related neurodegenerative pathologies using 7T postmortem MRI.

Limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy neuropathologic change (LATE-NC), is common in elderly brains and often seen in conjunction with Alzheimer's disease neuropathologic change (ADNC). LATE-NC typically begins in the amygdala and spreads to the hippocampus and neocortex. Whether it contributes to hippocampal and amygdala atrophy in Down syndrome (DS) remains unexplored.

Association of mid-life cardiovascular risk with biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease, neurodegeneration, and white matter hyperintensities: Heart SCORE brain study.

Background: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk factors in mid-life are associated with cognitive decline and late-life dementia. However, the role of these risk factors in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology remains elusive.

Objective: We investigated the association of mid-life 10-year ASCVD risk with late-life amyloid, tau, neurodegeneration [AT(N)] measures and white matter hyperintensities (WMHs).

Phytohormones involved in vascular cambium activity in woods: current progress and future challenges.

Vascular cambium is the continuation of meristem activity at the top of plants, which promotes lateral growth of plants. The vascular cambium evolved as an adaptation for secondary growth, initially in early seed plants, and became more refined in the evolution of gymnosperms and angiosperms. In angiosperms, it is crucial for plant growth and wood formation.

Regulatory mechanisms of trichome and root hair development in Arabidopsis.

In plants, cell fate determination is regulated temporally and spatially via a complex of signals consisting of a large number of genetic interactions. Trichome and root hair formation are excellent models for studying cell fate determination in plants. Nowadays, the mysteries underlying the reprograming of trichome and root hair and how nature programs the development of trichome and root hair is an interesting topic in the scientific field.

High Performance of CsAgBiBr Perovskite-based Photodetectors by Adding DEAC.

Perovskite-based photodetectors (PDs) are broadly utilized in optical communication, non-destructive testing, and smart wearable devices due to their ability to convert light into electrical signals. However, toxicity and instability hold back their mass production and commercialization. The lead-free CsAgBiBr double perovskite film, promised to be an alternative, is fabricated by electrophoretic deposition (EPD), which compromises film quality.

Multimodal neuroimaging biomarkers and subtle cognitive decline in a population-based cohort without dementia.

Background: The relationship between subtle cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology as measured by biomarkers in settings outside of specialty memory clinics is not well characterized.

Objective: To investigate how subtle longitudinal cognitive decline relates to neuroimaging biomarkers in individuals drawn from a population-based study in an economically depressed, small-town area in southwestern Pennsylvania, USA.

Methods: A subset of participants without dementia (N = 115, age 76.

Examining Brain Structures and Cognitive Functions in Patients with Recovered COVID-19 Infection: A Multicenter Study Using 7T MRI.

Importance: Emerging evidence suggests that severe acute respiratory syndrome, COVID-19, negatively impacts brain health, with clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showing a wide range of neurologic manifestations but no consistent pattern. Compared with 3 Tesla (3T) MRI, 7 Tesla (7T) MRI can detect more subtle injuries, including hippocampal subfield volume differences and additional standard biomarkers such as white matter lesions. 7T MRI could help with the interpretation of the various persistent post-acute and distal onset sequelae of COVID-19 infection.

A Case of Erythrocyte Condensation Caused by Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Infection.

Background: Blood routine testing was the most commonly used laboratory method in clinical practice. The results are often influenced by factors such as instruments, reagents, and samples, among which, the interference of cold agglutinin is a very rare element. In our article, we reported a case of red blood cell agglutination caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.

Associations of endogenous estrogens, plasma Alzheimer's disease biomarkers, and carrier status on regional brain volumes in postmenopausal women.

Background: Women carrying the allele are at greater risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) from ages 65-75 years compared to men. To better understand the elevated risk conferred by carrier status among midlife women, we investigated the separate and interactive associations of endogenous estrogens, plasma AD biomarkers, and carrier status on regional brain volumes in a sample of late midlife postmenopausal women.

Methods: Participants were enrolled in MsBrain, a cohort study of postmenopausal women ( = 171, mean age = 59.

Endogenous Estrogens and Brain Activation During Verbal Memory Encoding and Recognition in the Postmenopause.

Context: Changes in verbal memory have been reliably reported across the menopause transition. To understand the role of endogenous estrogens in verbal memory performance, this study assessed the associations of endogenous estradiol and estrone with brain network connectivity during a verbal memory fMRI task.

Objective: Determine associations of endogenous estrogens with memory systems in the postmenopausal brain and evaluate clinical significance.

Reproductive hormones in relation to white matter hyperintensity volumes among midlife women.

Introduction: Although reproductive hormones are implicated in cerebral small vessel disease in women, few studies consider measured hormones in relation to white matter hyperintensity volume (WMHV), a key indicator of cerebral small vessel disease. Even fewer studies consider estrone (E1), the primary postmenopausal estrogen, or follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), an indicator of ovarian age. We tested associations of estradiol (E2), E1, and FSH to WMHV among women.

Correlating hippocampal and amygdala volumes with neuropathological burden in neurodegenerative diseases using 7T postmortem MRI.

Numerous research groups worldwide have focused on postmortem imaging to bridge the resolution gap between clinical neuroimaging and neuropathology data. We developed a standardized protocol for brain embedding, imaging, and processing, facilitating alignment between antemortem MRI, postmortem MRI, and pathology to observe brain atrophy and structural damage progression over time. Using 7T postmortem ex vivo MRI, we explore the potential correlation of amygdala and hippocampal atrophy with neuropathological burden in both Down syndrome (DS) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) cohorts.

Characterization of pulsations in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid using ultra-high field magnetic resonance imaging.

The development of innovative non-invasive neuroimaging methods and biomarkers is critical for studying brain disease. Imaging of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pulsatility may inform the brain fluid dynamics involved in clearance of cerebral metabolic waste. In this work, we developed a methodology to characterize the frequency and spatial localization of whole brain CSF pulsations in humans.

Histogram Feature Analysis of Tumor Body on Diffusion-weighted MR Imaging in Differentiation between Granulosa Cell Tumors and Other Sex-cord Tumors in Ovary: Comparison with Histological Results.

Objective: We aimed to differentiate granulosa cell tumors (GCT) from other ovarian sex-cord tumors (OSCs) based on feature analysis of the tumor body on MR imaging.

Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 27 patients with pathologically proven sex-cord tumours (14 GSTs, 8 fibromas, 4 fibrothecomas, and 1 sclerosing stromal tumour) from our institution. All MRI examinations were performed at least one month prior to surgery.

Higher HbA1c Is Associated With Greater 2-Year Progression of White Matter Hyperintensities.

White matter hyperintensity (WMH) lesions on brain MRI images are surrogate markers of cerebral small vessel disease. Longitudinal studies examining the association between diabetes and WMH progression have yielded mixed results. Thus, in this study, we investigated the association between HbA1c, a biomarker for the presence and severity of hyperglycemia, and longitudinal WMH change after adjusting for known risk factors for WMH progression.

Characterization of oscillations in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid using ultra-high field magnetic resonance imaging.

Development of innovative non-invasive neuroimaging methods and biomarkers are critical for studying brain disease. In this work, we have developed a methodology to characterize the frequency responses and spatial localization of oscillations and movements of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow in the human brain. Using 7 Tesla human MRI and ultrafast echo-planar imaging (EPI), images were obtained to capture CSF oscillations and movements.

Menopausal vasomotor symptoms and plasma Alzheimer disease biomarkers.

Background: Identifying risk factors for Alzheimer disease in women is important as women compose two-thirds of individuals with Alzheimer disease. Previous work links vasomotor symptoms, the cardinal menopausal symptom, with poor memory performance and alterations in brain structure, function, and connectivity. These associations are evident when vasomotor symptoms are monitored objectively with ambulatory skin conductance monitors.

Sex-dependent alterations in hippocampal connectivity are linked to cerebrovascular and amyloid pathologies in normal aging.

Introduction: Compared to males, females have an accelerated trajectory of cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The neurobiological factors underlying the more rapid cognitive decline in AD in females remain unclear. This study explored how sex-dependent alterations in hippocampal connectivity over 2 years are associated with cerebrovascular and amyloid pathologies in normal aging.

The Wnt-dependent and Wnt-independent functions of BCL9 in development, tumorigenesis, and immunity: Implications in therapeutic opportunities.

B-cell CLL/lymphoma 9 (BCL9) is considered a key developmental regulator and a well-established oncogenic driver in multiple cancer types, mainly through potentiating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling. However, increasing evidences indicate that BCL9 also plays multiple Wnt-independent roles. Herein, we summarized the updates of the canonical and non-canonical functions of BCL9 in cellular, physiological, or pathological processes.

Performance enhancement strategy for tetrazoles based on nitrogen-boron bonds.

Based on N-B bonds, a novel strategy was developed for improving the energetic performance of tetrazoles. By employing the amino neighboring group participation, the azolyl borane compound 7 was selectively constructed, which exhibited excellent stability in water and air. This strategy solved the acidity problem of tetrazole as well as increasing the heat of detonation and combustion by 25% and 36%, respectively.

Identifying sex-specific risk architectures for predicting amyloid deposition using neural networks.

In older adults without dementia, White Matter Hyperintensities (WMH) in MRI have been shown to be highly associated with cerebral amyloid deposition, measured by the Pittsburgh compound B (PiB) PET. However, the relation to age, sex, and education in explaining this association is not well understood. We use the voxel counts of regional WMH, age, one-hot encoded sex, and education to predict the regional PiB using a multilayer perceptron with only rectilinear activations using mean squared error.