Bicarbonate permeation through anion channels: its role in health and disease.

Many anion channels, frequently referred as Cl channels, are permeable to different anions in addition to Cl. As the second-most abundant anion in the human body, HCO permeation via anion channels has many important physiological roles. In addition to its classical role as an intracellular pH regulator, HCO also controls the activity and stability of dissolved proteins in bodily fluids such as saliva, pancreatic juice, intestinal fluid, and airway surface liquid.

Life-Threatening Portal Flow Steal Reappearing Under Increased Intrahepatic Vascular Resistance After Living Donor Liver Transplantation.

Maintenance of adequate portal inflow is crucial for graft regeneration in adult living donor liver transplantation (ALDLT) to allow the recipients to meet their early metabolic demands. A persistent large spontaneous portosystemic shunt can divert portal flow away from the liver graft, leading to impaired or delayed graft regeneration and subsequent graft failure. The importance of obliterating huge portosystemic shunt during liver transplantation is obvious for successful ALDLT.

Reuse of liver allograft from a brain-dead recipient: A case report.

We report our first case of deceased-donor liver transplantation (LT) using a reuse liver graft after the first LT. The recipient was a 38-year-old female with fulminant hepatic failure from toxic hepatitis. She had a history of herb intake and her liver function deteriorated progressively.

Effects of a Motion Seat System on Driver's Passive Task-Related Fatigue: An On-Road Driving Study.

Passive task-related (TR) fatigue caused by monotonous driving can negatively affect driving safety by impairing driver alertness and performance. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a motion seat system on the driver's passive TR fatigue in terms of driving performance, physiological response, and subjective fatigue by using automotive and physiological sensors those applicable to on-road driving environment. Twenty drivers (5 females and 15 males; age = 38.

The Effect of Mind Subtraction Meditation Intervention on Smartphone Addiction and the Psychological Wellbeing among Adolescents.

As the smartphone has become an indispensable device in modern lives, consequential psychosocial problems such as smartphone addiction have been getting attention worldwide, especially regarding adolescents. Based on its positive effect on young individuals' mental health, mind subtraction meditation has been widely applied to many school-based programs in South Korea. This study aims to identify the effects of a school program based on mind subtraction on the smartphone addiction of adolescents.

Phase-resolved Higgs response in superconducting cuprates.

In high-energy physics, the Higgs field couples to gauge bosons and fermions and gives mass to their elementary excitations. Experimentally, such couplings can be inferred from the decay product of the Higgs boson, i.e.

International Survey on Criteria for Training and Accreditation in Interventional Neuroradiology.

Purpose: With the rapid expansion of the field of interventional neuroradiology (INR) and the diverse background of aspiring neuro-interventionists, there is an ever increasing need to establish consensus criteria for training and accreditation in INR.

Materials And Methods: We performed a survey to explore the current state of criteria for training and accreditation in INR. The questionnaire consisting of 11 questions was emailed to the members of World Federation of Interventional and Therapeutic Neuroradiology (WFITN) worldwide.

Neural Evidence for the Prediction of Animacy Features during Language Comprehension: Evidence from MEG and EEG Representational Similarity Analysis.

It has been proposed that people can generate probabilistic predictions at multiple levels of representation during language comprehension. We used magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG), in combination with representational similarity analysis, to seek neural evidence for the prediction of animacy features. In two studies, MEG and EEG activity was measured as human participants (both sexes) read three-sentence scenarios.

Facile Synthesis of α-Boryl-Substituted Allylboronate Esters Using Stable Bis[(pinacolato)boryl]methylzinc Reagents.

Reported herein is the utilization of bis[(pinacolato)boryl]methylzinc halides, whose structures are characterized via single-crystal X-ray analysis, as solid storable reagents for copper-catalyzed coupling with vinyliodonum salts. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions and shows broad scope with respect to vinyliodonium salts, affording various α-boryl-substituted allylboronate esters in good yields. Synthetic applications of the obtained products are also demonstrated.

Assembly and Folding Properties of Cytosolic IgG Intrabodies.

Intrabodies, antibodies expressed within cells, offer an interesting way to target intracellular molecules, making them potentially useful for biotechnology and medicine. However, it remains controversial whether full-size IgG intrabodies expressed in the reducing environment of the cytosol of mammalian cells are workable and structurally sound. Herein, we settle this issue with a systematic investigation of the structure and functionality of four chimeric IgG1s with distinct variable (V) domains but identical constant (C) domains.

A Simple Risk Score to Predict Clavien-Dindo Grade IV and V Complications After Non-elective Cholecystectomy.

Background: Non-elective cholecystectomies can lead to severe postoperative complications and mortality. Existing risk prediction tools do not meet the need to reliably predict these complications.

Methods: Using the 2011-2016 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program datasets, we identified patients undergoing non-elective cholecystectomy with primary ICD 9/10 codes indicating the following diagnoses: symptomatic cholelithiasis, acute cholecystitis, choledocholithiasis, gallstone pancreatitis, and cholangitis.

The Psychology of Motivated versus Rational Impression Updating.

People's beliefs about others are often impervious to new evidence: we continue to cooperate with ingroup defectors and refuse to see outgroup enemies as rehabilitated. Resistance to updating beliefs with new information has historically been interpreted as reflecting bias or motivated cognition, but recent work in Bayesian inference suggests that belief maintenance can be compatible with procedural rationality. We propose a mentalizing account of belief maintenance, which holds that protecting strong priors by generating alternative explanations for surprising information involves more mentalizing about the target than nonrational discounting.

Antigen-binding affinity and thermostability of chimeric mouse-chicken IgY and mouse-human IgG antibodies with identical variable domains.

Constant (C)-region switching of heavy (H) and/or light (L) chains in antibodies (Abs) can affect their affinity and specificity, as demonstrated using mouse, human, and chimeric mouse-human (MH) Abs. However, the consequences of C-region switching between evolutionarily distinct mammalian and avian Abs remain unknown. To explore C-region switching in mouse-chicken (MC) Abs, we investigated antigen-binding parameters and thermal stability of chimeric MC-6C407 and MC-3D8 IgY Abs compared with parental mouse IgGs and chimeric MH Abs (MH-6C407 IgG and MH-3D8 IgG) bearing identical corresponding variable (V) regions.

Diffusion- and perfusion-weighted MRI radiomics model may predict isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation and tumor aggressiveness in diffuse lower grade glioma.

Objectives: To determine whether diffusion- and perfusion-weighted MRI-based radiomics features can improve prediction of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation and tumor aggressiveness in lower grade gliomas (LGGs) METHODS: Radiomics features (n = 6472) were extracted from multiparametric MRI including conventional MRI, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and normalized cerebral blood volume, acquired on 127 LGG patients with determined IDH mutation status and grade (WHO II or III). Radiomics models were constructed using machine learning-based feature selection and generalized linear model classifiers. Segmentation stability was calculated between two readers using concordance correlation coefficients (CCCs).

Preoperative Risk and the Association between Hypotension and Postoperative Acute Kidney Injury.

Background: Despite the significant healthcare impact of acute kidney injury, little is known regarding prevention. Single-center data have implicated hypotension in developing postoperative acute kidney injury. The generalizability of this finding and the interaction between hypotension and baseline patient disease burden remain unknown.

Genome-Wide Transcriptome Analysis of Rice Seedlings after Seed Dressing with DCY84 and Silicon.

Plant-growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) are beneficial microorganisms that can also protect against disease and environmental stress. Silicon (Si) is the second most abundant element in soil, and is known to increase plant growth, grain yield, resistance to biotic stress, and tolerance to abiotic stress. Combined treatment of PGPB and Si has been shown to further enhance plant growth and crop yield.

A Multivariable Model Predictive of Unplanned Postoperative Intubation in Infant Surgical Patients.

Background: Unplanned postoperative intubation is an important quality indicator, and is associated with significantly increased mortality in children. Infant patients are more likely than older pediatric patients to experience unplanned postoperative intubation, yet the literature provides few characterizations of this outcome in our youngest patients. The objective of this study was to identify risk factors for unplanned postoperative intubation and to develop a scoring system to predict this complication in infants undergoing major surgical procedures.

Photosystem II antenna complexes CP26 and CP29 are essential for nonphotochemical quenching in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

Photosystems must balance between light harvesting to fuel the photosynthetic process for CO fixation and mitigating the risk of photodamage due to absorption of light energy in excess. Eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms evolved an array of pigment-binding proteins called light harvesting complexes constituting the external antenna system in the photosystems, where both light harvesting and activation of photoprotective mechanisms occur. In this work, the balancing role of CP29 and CP26 photosystem II antenna subunits was investigated in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii using CRISPR-Cas9 technology to obtain single and double mutants depleted of monomeric antennas.

Basal-type lumenogenesis in extraembryonic endoderm stem cells models the early visceral endoderm.

Cultured rat primitive extraembryonic endoderm (pXEN) cells easily form free-floating multicellular vesicles , exemplifying a poorly studied type of morphogenesis. Here, we reveal the underlying mechanism and the identity of the vesicles. We resolve the morphogenesis into vacuolization, vesiculation and maturation, and define the molecular characteristics and requirements of each step.

Development of a Risk Score to Predict Postoperative Delirium in Patients With Hip Fracture.

Background: Post-hip fracture surgery delirium (PHFD) is a significant clinical problem in older patients, but an adequate, simple risk prediction model for use in the preoperative period has not been developed.

Methods: The 2016 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Hip Fracture Procedure Targeted Participant Use Data File was used to obtain a cohort of patients ≥60 years of age who underwent hip fracture surgery (n = 8871; randomly assigned to derivation [70%] or validation [30%] cohorts). A parsimonious prediction model for PHFD was developed in the derivation cohort using stepwise multivariable logistic regression with further removal of variables by evaluating changes in the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC).

Neural stem cells and the secreted proteins TIMPs ameliorate UVB-induced skin photodamage.

UV-induced skin damage is involved in ROS overproduction and the overexpression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which are inhibited by TIMPs (tissue inhibitor of neural stem cells (NSCs)). These proteins may be associated with skin regeneration through the activation of TIMP proteins, but there have been no reports of treatment of skin photodamage using NSCs and their secreted proteins TIMP-1 and TIMP-2. Here we investigated the photoprotective role of NSCs and their TIMP proteins for the inhibition of UVB-irradiation damage in fibroblasts in SKH-1 mice.

Gene Expression Analysis of Zeaxanthin Epoxidase from the Marine Microalga in Response to Light/Dark Cycle and Salinity.

Zeaxanthin is an important pigment in the photo-protection mechanism of microalgae. However, zeaxanthin epoxidase, an enzyme involved in the accumulation and conversion of zeaxanthin, has not been extensively studied in microalgae. In this work, we report the expression pattern of zeaxanthin epoxidase in () at different light and diverse salinity conditions.

Preliminary Study of Virtual sEMG Signal-Assisted Classification.

Surface electromyography (sEMG) is widely used in various fields to analyze user intentions. Conventional sEMG-based classifications are electrode-dependent; thus, trained classifiers cannot be applied to other electrodes that have different parameters. This defect degrades the practicability of sEMG-based applications.