Phototropin connects blue light perception to starch metabolism in green algae.

In photosynthetic organisms, light acts as an environmental signal to control their development and physiology, as well as energy source to drive the conversion of CO into carbohydrates used for growth or storage. The main storage carbohydrate in green algae is starch, which accumulates during the day and is broken down at night to meet cellular energy demands. The signaling role of light quality in the regulation of starch accumulation remains unexplored.

Disparities in accelerated brain aging in recent-onset and chronic schizophrenia.

Background: Patients with schizophrenia experience accelerated aging, accompanied by abnormalities in biomarkers such as shorter telomere length. Brain age prediction using neuroimaging data has gained attention in schizophrenia research, with consistently reported increases in brain-predicted age difference (brain-PAD). However, its associations with clinical symptoms and illness duration remain unclear.

Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of 5'-deoxy (N)-methanocarbanucleoside derivatives as A adenosine receptor ligands.

Based on the potent and selective antagonism exhibited by truncated North (N)-methanocarba adenosine analogs, we synthesized a series of 5'-deoxy (N)-methanocarba nucleosides to explore their structure-activity relationships (SAR). The stereoselective synthesis of the North cyclopropyl-fused alcohol was achieved from d-ribose using ring-closing metathesis, oxidative rearrangement, and cyclopropanation as key steps. Mitsunobu reactions were employed to condense nucleobases with glycosyl donors, followed by N functionalization with various amines.

Association of Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases and Fracture Risk in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Nationwide Population-Based Study.

: Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) are associated with chronic inflammation that may increase fracture risk; however, their impact within specific populations, such as those with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the association between IMIDs and fracture risk, leveraging a large, high-quality population-based cohort of patients with T2DM. : A total of 2,120,900 patients with T2DM without a previous history of fractures were enrolled from the nationwide health check-up database provided by the Korean National Health Insurance Service.

Applications of a ZnO-Te Antiambipolar Switch for Drastic Power and Area Scaling.

Combinations of n- and p-type semiconductors (with thicknesses of a few nanometers or ultrathin) deposited at low temperatures are creating new opportunities for novel devices and circuits. We demonstrate an antiambipolar switch (AAS) device using a heterojunction comprising extremely thin ZnO and Te layers operating at a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible bias (∼1.2 V) with a high peak-to-valley ratio (∼10).

Knocking out the carboxyltransferase interactor 1 (CTI1) in Chlamydomonas boosted oil content by fivefold without affecting cell growth.

The first step in chloroplast de novo fatty acid synthesis is catalysed by acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase). As the rate-limiting step for this pathway, ACCase is subject to both positive and negative regulation. In this study, we identify a Chlamydomonas homologue of the plant carboxyltransferase interactor 1 (CrCTI1) and show that this protein interacts with the Chlamydomonas α-carboxyltransferase (Crα-CT) subunit of the ACCase by yeast two-hybrid protein-protein interaction assay.

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 5'-Deoxy-adenosine Derivatives as A Adenosine Receptor Ligands.

The A Adenosine Receptor (AAR) is an important therapeutic target due to its role in inflammation and immune response regulation. Herein, we synthesized and evaluated 5'-deoxy-adenosine derivatives with oxygen at the 4'-position, comparing them to previously studied 4'-thionucleosides. Compound exhibited the highest binding affinity ( = 5.

Laser-Induced Phase Control of Morphotropic Phase Boundary Hafnium-Zirconium Oxide.

A novel approach to delicately control the phase of a ferroelectric has been developed using a continuous-wave laser scanning annealing (CW-LSA) process. After proper process optimization, the equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) of 3.5 Å with a dielectric constant (κ) of 68 Å is achieved from HZO in a metal-ferroelectric-metal (MFM) capacitor structure.

Microbial community assembly across agricultural soil mineral mesocosms revealed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing data.

Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO) concentrations are impacting the global climate, resulting in significant interest in soil carbon sequestration as a mitigation strategy. While recognized that mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) in soils is mainly formed through microbial activity, our understanding of microbial-derived MAOM formation processes remains limited due to the complexity of the soil environment. To gain insights into this issue, we incubated fresh soil samples for 45 days with one of three mineral additions: Sand, Kaolinite+Sand, or Illite+Sand.

Comorbid diseases in bullous pemphigoid: A population-based case-control study.

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is the most prevalent autoimmune blistering disorder, triggered by autoantibodies targeting hemidesmosome components. It is associated with substantial morbidity and increased mortality. No studies comprehensively evaluate all comorbidities before and after diagnosing patients with BP.

Copper-Catalyzed Regio-, Diastereo-, and Enantioselective Allylic Alkylation with 1,1-Diborylalkanes.

We report a copper-catalyzed regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselective allylic alkylation of allyl bromides using 1,1-diborylalkanes as prochiral nucleophiles. This methodology employs copper(I) bromide as a catalyst, an ()-BINOL-derived phosphoramidite as a ligand, and lithium benzoate as a crucial additive. The reaction affords enantioenriched homoallylic boronic esters possessing vicinal stereocenters in good yields and high diastereo- and enantioselectivity.

Efficiency maximization of fuel cell electric bus using asymmetric multi-stack fuel cells.

Fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) have been widely studied as alternative ecofriendly vehicles based on multi-stack fuel cell (MFC) systems. An MFC system has the advantages of considerable efficiency, reliability, and durability compared with a single-stack fuel cell system. In this study, a novel MFC concept with an asymmetric structure is proposed to maximize the efficiency of a fuel cell electric bus (FCEB).

Thermophilic aerobic digestion using aquaculture sludge from rainbow trout aquaculture facilities: effect of salinity.

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the potential of using thermophilic aerobic digestion (TAD) to hydrolyze aquaculture sludge, and to investigate the hydrolysis efficiency and changes in microbial community structure during TAD at 0, 15, and 30 practical salinity units (psu). As digestion progressed, soluble organic matter concentrations in all reactors increased to their maximum values at 6 h. The hydrolysis efficiency at 6 h decreased as salinity increased: 2.

Glia-like taste cells mediate an intercellular mode of peripheral sweet adaptation.

The sense of taste generally shows diminishing sensitivity to prolonged sweet stimuli, referred to as sweet adaptation. Yet, its mechanistic landscape remains incomplete. Here, we report that glia-like type I cells provide a distinct mode of sweet adaptation via intercellular crosstalk with chemosensory type II cells.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of sugar-modified truncated carbanucleosides as A and A adenosine receptor ligands to explore conformational effect to the receptors.

This study investigated the impact of conformation on the binding affinity of carbanucleosides to A and A adenosine receptors (ARs). A series of nucleosides, including saturated, unsaturated, North (N)-methano, and South (S)-methanocarbanucleosides was prepared, and their binding affinities to AAR and AAR were assessed. Biological evaluations revealed that all synthesized (S)-methanocarbanucleosides had negligible binding to both receptors, and most (N)-methanocarbanucleosides exhibited high binding affinities.

Exploring C2 and N Substituent Effects on Truncated 4'-Thioadenosine Derivatives as Dual A and A Adenosine Receptor Ligands.

Based on high binding affinity of truncated 2-hexynyl-4'-thioadenosine (3 a) at both A adenosine receptor (AR) and A AR, we explored structure-activity relationship (SAR) of the C2-substitution by altering chain length of the 2-hexynyl moiety, thereby evaluating the hydrophobic pocket size. A series of truncated N-substituted 4'-thioadenosine derivatives with C2-alkynyl substitution were successfully synthesized from D-mannose, using a palladium-catalyzed Sonogashira coupling reaction as the key step, whose structures were confirmed by the X-ray crystal structure of 4 h. As the size of the alkynyl group at the C2-position increased, the binding affinity improved; however, when the substituted group was larger than hexynyl, the binding affinity decreased.

The Effect of CKD-495, Eupacidin, and Their Marker Compounds on Altered Permeability in a Postoperative Ileus Animal Model.

Postoperative ileus (POI) is a delay in gastrointestinal transit following surgery that leads to various complications. There is limited understanding of its effective treatment options. CKD-495 and eupacidin are natural products licensed for treating mucosal lesions in acute and chronic gastritis; however, little is known about their effects on intestinal permeability.

Stereochemical influence of 4'-methyl substitutions on truncated 4'-thioadenosine derivatives: Impact on A adenosine receptor binding and antagonism.

Herein, we investigated the stereochemical effects of 4'-methyl substitution on A adenosine receptor (AAR) ligands by synthesizing and evaluating a series of truncated 4'-thioadenosine derivatives featuring 4'-α-methyl, 4'-β-methyl, and 4',4'-dimethyl substitutions. We successfully synthesized these derivatives, using the stereoselective addition of an organometallic reagent, KSAc-mediated sulfur cyclization, and Vorbrüggen condensation. Binding assays demonstrated that the 4'-β-methyl substitution conferred the highest affinity for AAR, with compound 1 h exhibiting a K = 3.

Corrigendum: Deepening insights into cholinergic agents for intraocular pressure reduction: systems genetics, molecular modeling, and perspectives.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.

Structure-Activity Relationship of Truncated 4'-Selenonucleosides: A Adenosine Receptor Activity and Binding Selectivity.

This study explored the impact of structural modifications on truncated 4'-selenonucleosides as ligands for the A adenosine receptor (AR). We synthesized and evaluated a series of these compounds for their binding affinities, functional activities, and structural interactions by using computational modeling. The SAR study revealed that all compounds exhibited selective and notable hAAR binding, among which ( = 5.

The DYRKP1 kinase regulates cell wall degradation in Chlamydomonas by inducing matrix metalloproteinase expression.

The cell wall of plants and algae is an important cell structure that protects cells from changes in the external physical and chemical environment. This extracellular matrix, composed of polysaccharides and glycoproteins, must be constantly remodeled throughout the life cycle. However, compared to matrix polysaccharides, little is known about the mechanisms regulating the formation and degradation of matrix glycoproteins.

Predicting outcomes of unruptured intracranial artery dissection with clear symptoms onset using clinical and radiological features.

We investigated the clinical and radiologic predictors of unruptured symptomatic intracranial artery dissection (IAD) outcomes. Unruptured symptomatic IAD patients who underwent vessel wall magnetic resonance imaging (VW-MRI) and time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (TOF-MRA) within 1 month after symptom onset, followed for over 12 months were included. Baseline features predicting the clinical outcome of recurrent symptoms and radiologic outcomes of aneurysmal dilatation and occlusion were analyzed using logistic regression analysis.

Effect of a Polypropylene Separator with a Thin Electrospun Ceramic/Polymer Coating on the Thermal and Electrochemical Properties of Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are well known for their energy efficiency and environmental benefits. However, increasing their energy density compromises their safety. This study introduces a novel ceramic-coated separator to enhance the performance and safety of LIBs.