Niclosamide attenuates calcification in human heart valvular interstitial cells through inhibition of the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway.

Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is a considerable health burden with a lack of effective therapeutic options. There is an urgent need to develop interventions that inhibit the osteogenic transformation of valvular interstitial cells (VICs) and delay the calcification process. Niclosamide, an FDA-approved anti-helminthic drug, has emerged as a promising candidate that demonstrates a negative regulatory effect on porcine VICs calcification.

Improvement of succinate production from methane by combining rational engineering and laboratory evolution in Methylomonas sp. DH-1.

Recently, methane has been considered a next-generation carbon feedstock due to its abundance and it is main component of shale gas and biogas. Methylomonas sp. DH-1 has been evaluated as a promising industrial bio-catalyst candidate.

Deciphering Cancer Complexity: Integrative Proteogenomics and Proteomics Approaches for Biomarker Discovery.

Proteomics has revolutionized the field of cancer biology because the use of a large number of in vivo (SILAC), in vitro (iTRAQ, ICAT, TMT, stable-isotope Dimethyl, and O) labeling techniques or label-free methods (spectral counting or peak intensities) coupled with mass spectrometry enables us to profile and identify dysregulated proteins in diseases such as cancer. These proteome and genome studies have led to many challenges, such as the lack of consistency or correlation between copy numbers, RNA, and protein-level data. This review covers solely mass spectrometry-based approaches used for cancer biomarker discovery.

Microbial upcycling of methane to phytoene using metabolically engineered Methylocystis sp. MJC1 strain.

Methane, a potent greenhouse gas, requires sustainable mitigation strategies. Here, the microbial upcycling of methane to phytoene, a valuable colorless carotenoid with applications in the cosmeceutical industry was demonstrated. To achieve this goal, a stepwise metabolic engineering approach was employed in Methylocystis sp.

Prediction of hydroxyl radical exposure during ozonation using different machine learning methods with ozone decay kinetic parameters.

The abatement of micropollutants by ozonation can be accurately calculated by measuring the exposures of molecular ozone (O) and hydroxyl radical (OH) (i.e., ∫[O]dt and ∫[OH]dt).

Trivalent Copper Ion-Mediated Dual Oxidation in the Copper-Catalyzed Fenton-Like System in the Presence of Histidine.

The Cu(II)/HO system is recognized for its potential to degrade recalcitrant organic contaminants and inactivate microorganisms in wastewater. We investigated its unique dual oxidation strategy involving the selective oxidation of copper-complexing ligands and enhanced oxidation of nonchelated organic compounds. L-Histidine (His) and benzoic acid (BA) served as model compounds for basic biomolecular ligands and recalcitrant organic contaminants, respectively.

Parallel accumulation-serial fragmentation method for in-depth proteomic analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid collected from patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer.

Purpose: Advances in mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomic analysis have successfully demonstrated the in-depth detection of protein biomarkers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from patients with lung cancers. Recently, ion mobility technology was incorporated into the mass spectrometers escalating the sensitivity and throughput. Utilizing these advantages, herein, we employed the parallel accumulation-serial fragmentation (PASEF) implanted in a timsTOF Pro mass spectrometer to examine the alteration of BALF proteomes in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancers (NSCLCs).

A comparative study of ammonia solubility in imidazolium-based ionic liquids with different structural compositions.

Four imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs) with two cations 1-pentyl-3-butylimidazolium [PBIM] and 1-benzyl-3-butylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [BzBIM], and two anions tetrafluoroborate (BF) and trifluoromethanesulfonate (OTf) were synthesized for NH solubility enhancement. The structural, thermal, and electrochemical stabilities, ionic conductivity, and viscosity of the four ILs, namely, [PBIM]BF, [BzBIM]BF, [PBIM]OTf, and [BzBIM]OTf, were investigated. Due to the intermolecular interaction of the benzyl group attached to the imidazolium ring, [BzBIM]-based ILs exhibited higher thermal stability but lower ionic conductivity compared to [PBIM]-based ILs.

Nanobubble Reactivity: Evaluating Hydroxyl Radical Generation (or Lack Thereof) under Ambient Conditions.

Nanobubble (NB) generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), especially hydroxyl radical (OH), has been controversial. In this work, we extensively characterize NBs in solution, with a focus on ROS generation (as OH), through a number of methods including degradation of OH-specific target compounds, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and a fluorescence-based indicator. Generated NBs exhibit consistent physical characteristics (size, surface potential, and concentration) when compared with previous studies.

Dysregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway via Rnf146 upregulation in a VPA-induced mouse model of autism spectrum disorder.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with impaired social behavior and communication, repetitive behaviors, and restricted interests. In addition to genetic factors, environmental factors such as prenatal drug exposure contribute to the development of ASD. However, how those prenatal factors induce behavioral deficits in the adult stage is not clear.

Removal of the red tide dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides using chemical disinfectants.

For decades, red tide control has been recognized as necessary for mitigating financial damage to fish farms. Chemical disinfectants, frequently used for water disinfection, can reduce the risk of red tides on inland fish farms. This study systematically evaluated four different chemical disinfectants (ozone (O), permanganate (MnO), sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), and hydrogen peroxide (HO)) for their potential use in inland fish farms to control red tides by investigating their (i) inactivation efficacy regarding C.

Oncological and functional outcomes of partial or total laryngopharyngectomy for hypopharyngeal cancer with thyroid or cricoid cartilage invasion.

Background: Patients with cartilage invasion in hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPSCC) would benefit from partial laryngopharyngectomy (PLP).

Aims/objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the treatment outcomes of PLP for HPSCC with cartilage invasion, with a focus on the oncological safety and the function preservation.

Materials And Methods: We performed a retrospective review of 28 patients with HPSCC with thyroid or cricoid cartilage invasion who had undergone upfront surgery and were followed for more than one year between 1993 and 2019.

Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Engineered by Serine Substitution on the 44th Amino Acid of GP5 Resulted in a Potential Vaccine Candidate with the Ability to Produce High Levels of Neutralizing Antibody.

N-linked glycans covering GP5 neutralizing epitopes of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) have been proposed to act as a sheath blocking the production of neutralizing antibodies. Herein, we genetically engineered PRRSV with serine (S) substitution on the 44th asparagine (N) on the GP5 ectodomain of PRRSV-2 lineage-1. To evaluate the recombinant PRRSV, in vivo experiments were performed in piglets.

Predictive factors of distant metastasis in surgically treated HPV-positive tonsil cancer.

Background: Human papilloma virus (HPV)-related tonsil cancer is associated with favorable outcomes.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to define factors affecting distant metastasis in patients with surgically treated HPV-positive tonsil cancer.

Methods: The present study enrolled 76 patients diagnosed with HPV-positive tonsil cancer who underwent primary surgery between January 2010 and December 2021.

Quantitative proteomic analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from patients with small cell lung cancers.

Purpose: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is one of the malignant cancers with aggressive progression and poor prognosis. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) has been arising recently as a potential source of biomarkers for lung cancers. In this study, we performed quantitative BALF proteomic analysis to identify potential biomarkers for SCLC.

Proteogenomic landscape of human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in an Asian population reveals tumor cell-enriched and immune-rich subtypes.

We report a proteogenomic analysis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Mutation-phosphorylation correlations identified signaling pathways associated with somatic mutations in significantly mutated genes. Messenger RNA-protein abundance correlations revealed potential prognostic biomarkers correlated with patient survival.