Parameter Optimization in Cluster Identification Algorithms for Characterizing Nanoclusters in Al-Mg-Si-Cu Alloys.

Optimization of user-defined parameters (Dmax, Nmin, order (K)) in the Density-based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN) algorithm, used to characterize nanoclusters in Al-0.9% Mg-1.0% Si-0.

Antiviral Mechanisms of Saucerneol from against Enterovirus A71, Coxsackievirus A16, and Coxsackievirus B3: Role of Mitochondrial ROS and the STING/TKB-1/IRF3 Pathway.

Enterovirus A71 (EV71), coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16), and coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) are pathogenic members of the family that cause a range of diseases, including severe central nervous system complications, myocarditis, and pancreatitis. Despite the considerable public health impact of these viruses, no approved antiviral treatments are currently available. In the present study, we confirmed the potential of saucerneol, a compound derived from , as an antiviral agent against EV71, CVA16, and CVB3.

One-Stop Plasmonic Nanocube-Excited SERS Immunoassay Platform of Multiple Cardiac Biomarkers for Rapid Screening and Progressive Tracing of Acute Myocardial Infarction.

Rapid and precise acute myocardial infarction (AMI) diagnosis is essential for preventing patient death. In addition, the complementary roles of creatine kinase muscle brain (CK-MB) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) cardiac biomarkers in the early and late stages of AMI demand their simultaneous detection, which is difficult to implement using conventional fluorescence and electrochemical technologies. Here, a nanotechnology-based one-stop immuno-surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection platform is reported for multiple cardiac indicators for the rapid screening and progressive tracing of AMI events.

Regional classification of high PM concentrations in the Seoul metropolitan and Chungcheongnam-do areas, Republic of Korea.

Since the Seoul metropolitan area is a highly developed megacity, many people are often exposed to high concentrations of particulate matter (PM), with mean aerodynamic diameters equal to or less than 10 μm (PM), in cold seasons. PM concentrations can be influenced by a combination of various factors, including meteorological conditions, anthropogenic emissions, atmospheric chemical reactions, transboundary transport, and geographic characteristics. However, the establishment of an efficient air quality management plan remains challenging due to the limited understanding of the regional PM concentration characteristics.

Attenuates Atherosclerosis by Regulating Cholesterol Metabolism and Inducing M2 Macrophage Polarization.

Dyslipidemia, the commonest cause of cardiovascular disease, leads to lipid deposits on the arterial wall, thereby aggravating atherosclerosis. DSHT () has long been used as an anti-dyslipidemia agent in oriental medicine. However, the anti-atherosclerotic effects of DSHT have not been fully investigated.

Colorimetric determination of phenolic compounds using peroxidase mimics based on biomolecule-free hybrid nanoflowers consisting of graphitic carbon nitride and copper.

Hybrid nanoflowers consisting of graphitic carbon nitride (GCN) and copper were successfully constructed without the involvement of any biomolecule, by simply mixing them at room temperature to induce proper self-assembly to achieve a flower-like morphology. The resulting biomolecule-free GCN-copper hybrid nanoflowers (GCN-Cu NFs) exhibited an apparent peroxidase-mimicking activity, possibly owing to the synergistic effect from the coordination of GCN and copper, as well as their large surface area, which increased the number of catalytic reaction sites. The peroxidase-mimicking GCN-Cu NFs were then employed in the colorimetric determination of selected phenolic compounds hydroquinone (HQ), methylhydroquinone (MHQ), and catechol (CC).

The sGC-cGMP Signaling Pathway as a Potential Therapeutic Target in Doxorubicin-Induced Heart Failure: A Narrative Review.

The anti-cancer agent doxorubicin (DOX) has high cardiotoxicity that is linked to DOX-mediated increase in oxidative stress, mitochondrial iron overload, DNA damage, autophagy, necrosis, and apoptosis, all of which are also associated with secondary tumorigenicity. This limits the clinical application of DOX therapies. Previous studies have attributed DOX-mediated cardiotoxicity to mitochondrial iron accumulation and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which seem to be independent of its anti-tumor DNA damaging effects.

Potential neuron-autonomous Purkinje cell degeneration by 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase promoter/Cre-mediated autophagy impairments.

Studies of neuroglial interaction largely depend on cell-specific gene knockout (KO) experiments using Cre recombinase. However, genes known as glial-specific genes have recently been reported to be expressed in neuroglial stem cells, leading to the possibility that a glia-specific Cre driver results in unwanted gene deletion in neurons, which may affect sound interpretation. 2',3'-Cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNP) is generally considered to be an oligodendrocyte (OL) marker.

BAY60-2770 attenuates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by decreased oxidative stress and enhanced autophagy.

Background: Doxorubicin (DOX) administration decreases cardiac soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) activity. We hypothesized that bypassing impaired NO-sGC-cGMP pathway resulting from the activation of oxidized and heme-free soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) could be a therapeutic target for DOX-mediated cardiomyopathy (DOX-CM). The present study investigated the therapeutic roles and mechanism of BAY60-2770, an activator of oxidized sGC, in alleviating DOX-CM.

Boosting Visible-Light Photocatalytic Redox Reaction by Charge Separation in SnO /ZnSe(N H ) Heterojunction Nanocatalysts.

In this work, environmentally friendly photocatalysts with attractive catalytic properties are reported that have been prepared by introducing SnO quantum dots (QDs) directly onto ZnSe(N H ) substrates to induce advantageous charge separation. The SnO /ZnSe(N H ) nanocomposites could be easily synthesized through a one-pot hydrothermal process. Owing to the absence of capping ligands, the attached SnO QDs displayed superior photocatalytic properties, generating many exposed reactive surfaces.

A Proteotranscriptomic-Based Computational Drug-Repositioning Method for Alzheimer's Disease.

Numerous clinical trials of drug candidates for Alzheimer's disease (AD) have failed, and computational drug repositioning approaches using omics data have been proposed as effective alternative approaches to the discovery of drug candidates. However, little multi-omics data is available for AD, due to limited availability of brain tissues. Even if omics data exist, systematic drug repurposing study for AD has suffered from lack of big data, insufficient clinical information, and difficulty in data integration on account of sample heterogeneity derived from poor diagnosis or shortage of qualified post-mortem tissue.

Pi5 and Pii Paired NLRs Are Functionally Exchangeable and Confer Similar Disease Resistance Specificity.

Effector-triggered immunity (ETI) is an effective layer of plant defense initiated upon recognition of avirulence (Avr) effectors from pathogens by cognate plant disease resistance (R) proteins. In rice, a large number of genes have been characterized from various cultivars and have greatly contributed to breeding programs to improve resistance against the rice blast pathogen . The extreme diversity of gene repertoires is thought to be a result of co-evolutionary history between rice and its pathogens including .

Effect of Step Quenching on Multi-Step Aging Behavior in Al-Mg-Si Alloys.

Two types of nanoclusters were detected using DSC thermal analysis operating at -50 °C with liquid nitrogen. The formation of Cluster (1) was substantially suppressed by the formation of Cluster (2) during step quenching at 100 °C for 0.06 ks.

p75 and neural cell adhesion molecule 1 can identify pathologic Schwann cells in peripheral neuropathies.

Objective: Myelinated Schwann cells (SCs) in adult peripheral nerves dedifferentiate into immature cells in demyelinating neuropathies and Wallerian degeneration. This plastic SC change is actively involved in the myelin destruction and clearance as demyelinating SCs (DSCs). In inherited demyelinating neuropathy, pathologically differentiated and dysmyelinated SCs constitute the main nerve pathology.

Protein kinase A-induced phosphorylation at the Thr154 affects stability of DJ-1.

Introduction: Most cases of Parkinson's disease (PD) are sporadic, but genetic variations have been discovered in PD patients. PARK7/DJ-1 is a known cause of early-onset autosomal-recessive PD and is implicated in neuroprotection against oxidative stress. Although several post-translational modifications of DJ-1 have been proposed, phospho-modification of DJ-1 and its functional consequences have been less studied.

Removal of toluene using ozone at room temperature over mesoporous Mn/AlO catalysts.

The catalytic oxidation of toluene with ozone at room temperature was carried out over hierarchically ordered mesoporous catalysts (CeO (meso), MnO (meso), ZrO (meso), and γ-AlO (meso)) and AlO with various textural properties and phases (γ-AlO (meso), γ-AlO (13 nm), and α-AlO) to examine the effects of the nature of the catalyst on the catalytic activity. The catalysts were characterized by N-physisorption measurements, powder X-ray diffraction, temperature programmed reduction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy. Among the ordered mesoporous catalysts, γ-AlO (meso) had the highest toluene removal efficiency because of its highest surface area and pore volume, which in turn was selected for further investigation.

Acetaldehyde removal and increased H/CO gas yield from biomass gasification over metal-loaded Kraft lignin char catalyst.

Acetaldehyde removal tests were performed to compare the catalytic activity of the Kraft lignin char (KC), KOH-treated Kraft lignin char (KKC), and activated carbon (AC) along with their impregnation with Mn in a plasma reactor. The gasification characteristics (syngas content, and H/CO ratio) of yellow poplar were investigated using nickel catalysts supported on KC, KKC, AC, and γ-AlO in a U-type quartz reactor. KKC and Mn/KKC improved significantly the surface area and contents of O and N functional groups over the raw char.

Cell-penetrating artificial mitochondria-targeting peptide-conjugated metallothionein 1A alleviates mitochondrial damage in Parkinson's disease models.

An excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS) relative to the antioxidant capacity causes oxidative stress, which plays a role in the development of Parkinson's disease (PD). Because mitochondria are both sites of ROS generation and targets of ROS damage, the delivery of antioxidants to mitochondria might prevent or alleviate PD. To transduce the antioxidant protein human metallothionein 1A (hMT1A) into mitochondria, we computationally designed a cell-penetrating artificial mitochondria-targeting peptide (CAMP).

Identification and characterization of site-specific N-glycosylation in the potassium channel Kv3.1b.

The potassium ion channel Kv3.1b is a member of a family of voltage-gated ion channels that are glycosylated in their mature form. In the present study, we demonstrate the impact of N-glycosylation at specific asparagine residues on the trafficking of the Kv3.