Activity-Drop of Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in LiNO Based "Hydronium-in-Salt" Acidic Electrolytes on Platinum Enables Electrochemical Nitrate Reduction.

The electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NORR) involves multiple hydrogenation and deoxygenation steps, which compete with the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Therefore, NORR driven in acidic media is challenging in spite of advantageous fast hydrogen transfers in its elementary steps. The findings presented in this article first demonstrate that the NORR is significantly activated even in acidic lithium nitrate solutions at LiNO concentrations exceeding 6 m on a Pt electrode (the highly effective catalyst for HER) by the formation of a "hydronium-in-salt" electrolyte (HISE), a new type of aqueous high concentration salt electrolyte.

Characterization of interactions in battery slurry via MD simulation: Influence on miscibility, morphology, and dispersion with varying ACN content in HNBR.

This paper investigates the phase behaviors, morphology changes, and degree of dispersion of a multi-component cathode battery slurry system. The slurry comprises polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as the binder, hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR) as the dispersant with varying acrylonitrile (ACN) content, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) as the solvent, and carbon nanotubes/graphene (CNTs/GRA) as the conductive agent. Several analytical methods, including visualized imaging, solubility parameters, radial distribution function (RDF) analysis, β phase PVDF analysis, near-atom analysis, and potential of mean force (PMF) analysis, were employed to compare the slurry's characteristics.

Ethmoid Sinus Mucocele Penetrating the Anterior Skull Base: A Case Report.

Sinus mucoceles are nonmalignant cystic tumors lined by non-neoplastic epithelium, typically involving the frontal and ethmoid sinuses. Although it is common for these mucoceles to cause destruction of surrounding bone tissue due to their growth, cerebrospinal fluid leaks resulting from skull base penetration by an ethmoid sinus mucocele have rarely been reported. A 24-year-old male patient presented with right proptosis and right periorbital pain, who underwent bilateral endoscopic sinus surgery 12 years ago.

Prognostic Factors Related to Sleep Quality in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea After Positive Airway Pressure Therapy.

Background And Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the factors that influence deep sleep restoration in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) following positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy.

Methods: In total, 363 patients diagnosed with OSA who received PAP therapy over at least 3 months were enrolled in the study. Polysomnographic parameters, anatomical characteristics, and subjective sleep-related parameters were evaluated according to the presence of daytime sleepiness and morning headache before and after 3 months of PAP treatment.

Isolated Sphenoid Fungal Sinusitis With Mucocele Mistaken for Chordoma: A Study of Two Unique Cases.

Isolated sphenoid fungal sinusitis (ISFS) is a rare condition characterized by fungal infection of the sphenoid sinus. It often presents with non-specific symptoms, which can lead to misdiagnosis. This study presents two unique cases of ISFS with mucocele that were initially misdiagnosed as chordoma based on preoperative radiographic findings.

Obstructive sleep apnea and its association with coronary artery calcium volume in asymptomatic male subjects.

The aim of this study was to analyze the association between various parameters related to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and coronary artery calcium (CAC) volume. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 315 male subjects who underwent standard polysomnography (PSG) and coronary artery computed tomography. In this study, we found that only the apnea index (AI) and minimal oxygen saturation (minimal SaO) were independently associated with CAC volume after adjustment for confounders; for a 1/h increase in the AI, the CAC volume increased by 1.

Obstructive sleep apnea and its association with humoral immunity against varicella zoster virus.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and humoral immunity to varicella zoster virus (VZV).

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients who underwent polysomnography and concurrently agreed for blood collection between January 2018 and February 2021. Habitual snorers and patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea were evaluated to compare the VZV immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody titer between habitual snorer group and OSA group.

Endoscopic removal of sinonasal hemangioma using vessel sealing device without tumor embolization.

When massive bleeding is anticipated during endoscopic sinonasal tumor removal, a vessel sealing device is useful for successful tumor removal.

White matter microstructure and connectivity changes after surgery in male adults with obstructive sleep apnea: recovery or reorganization?

Study Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent clinical problem significantly affecting cognitive functions. Surgical treatment is recommended for those unable to use continuous positive airway pressure. We aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of upper airway surgery on the white matter (WM) microstructure and brain connectivity in patients with OSA.

Delayed nasoseptal flap reuse in patients with revision endoscopic endonasal anterior skull base surgery.

The reuse of the nasoseptal flap represents a favorable option for skull base reconstruction in revision endoscopic anterior skull base surgery. This study demonstrated that a detached nasoseptal flap can remain viable for several days even if not immediately reattached.

Improvement of morning headache in adults with obstructive sleep apnea after positive airway pressure therapy.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between obstructive sleep apnea and morning headache and to assess the improvement of morning headache following positive airway pressure therapy. One hundred and sixteen participants were enrolled in this study; all of them received positive airway pressure therapy for at least 3 months. We checked the differences in various sleep apnea-related parameters according to the presence of morning headache and evaluated the improvement of morning headache following positive airway pressure therapy.

Crystallization behavior of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) in NMP/DMF solvents: a molecular dynamics study.

In this study, the crystallization behavior of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) in NMP/DMF solvent at 9 to 67 weight percent (wt%) was analyzed by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The PVDF phase did not gradually change with the incremental increase in PVDF wt%, but displayed rapid shifts at 34 and 50 wt% in both solvents. The solvation behavior between the two solvents was quite identical from the similar radial distribution functions.

Outcome Evaluation of a Transnational Postgraduate Capacity-Building Program Using the Objective Structured Clinical Examination.

Previous studies have applied interview-oriented self-reported or peer-centered evaluation methods, rather than an objective and quantitative method, to evaluate outcome of a postgraduate capacity-building program and have mainly focused on the cognitive level. To investigate the feasibility of the objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) in an international setting and report the results of the outcome evaluation for the behavioral aspect. A case-control study.

SARS-CoV-2 Infection (COVID-19) and Rhinologic Manifestation: Narrative Review.

Patients with severe pneumonia of unknown etiology presented in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. A novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), was isolated from the respiratory tracts of these patients. The World Health Organization (WHO) defined respiratory diseases due to SARS-CoV-2 infection as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Individual and Co-Expression Patterns of FAM83H and SCRIB at Diagnosis Are Associated with the Survival of Colorectal Carcinoma Patients.

Background: FAM83H is important in teeth development; however, an increasing number of reports have indicated a role for it in human cancers. FAM83H is involved in cancer progression in association with various oncogenic molecules, including SCRIB. In the analysis of the public database, there was a significant association between FAM83H and SCRIB in colorectal carcinomas.

Utility of a Hydrolysate from Overproduced for Hypertension Treatment: Correlation between Physical Properties and Potent Anti-Hypertensive Activities.

Aquacultured fish are the richest natural source of protein. However, their overproduced biomass is often discarded due to production imbalance, causing considerable losses to the fishery industry. Therefore, it is necessary to utilize surplus fish and add value to overproduced fish.

Effect of intravascular dexamethasone injection after powered intracapsular tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy in children.

Purpose: To compare postoperative pain, nausea and vomiting, and bleeding between intravascular dexamethasone injection group and control group among children undergoing powered intracapsular tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (PITA).

Materials And Methods: Retrospective review of medical records was performed for pediatric patients who underwent PITA from March 1, 2017, to February 28, 2021, at a tertiary referral medical center in South Korea. Postoperative pain and nausea were measured using the visual analogue scale (VAS) from the postoperative day (POD) 0 to POD 6.

Treatment and Prognosis of COVID-19 Associated Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunctions.

Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions are important initial symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the treatment modality for these conditions has yet to be clearly established. Therefore, most physicians have been administering empirical treatments for COVID-19-associated olfactory dysfunction, including topical or systemic steroid supplementation and olfactory training.

Clinical Features of Olfactory Dysfunction in COVID-19 Patients.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the subjective and objective olfactory function in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and the effect of olfactory training.

Methods: A prospective cohort study was performed in 53 patients who recovered from COVID-19 and visited our tertiary hospital. Subjective olfactory function was evaluated using the 11-point Likert scale (0-10) and the Korean version of the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders (QOD).

Hypoxemia During Sleep and the Progression of Coronary Artery Calcium.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations between objective sleep parameters of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and progression of subclinical cardiovascular disease as measured by the coronary artery calcium (CAC) score. We reviewed the medical records of 196 patients who underwent both polysomnography (PSG) and repeated coronary artery computed tomography (CT) for screening purposes. For each participant, the first coronary CT scan was conducted within 12 months of PSG.

Tacrolimus trough levels higher than 6 ng/mL might not be required after a year in stable kidney transplant recipients.

Background: Little is known regarding optimal tacrolimus (TAC) trough levels after 1 year post-transplant in stable kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) who have not experienced renal or cardiovascular outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the effect of 1-year post-transplant TAC trough levels on long-term renal and cardiovascular outcomes and opportunistic infections in stable KTRs.

Methods: KTRs receiving TAC with mycophenolate-based immunosuppression who did not experience renal or cardiovascular outcomes within 1 year post-transplant were enrolled from a multicenter observational cohort study.

Variation in Sleep Stability with Differences in Severity of Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Children.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze the association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity and various cardiopulmonary coupling (CPC) parameters in children with OSA.

Study Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 117 children (aged 7.