Glucocorticoid-Dependent Retinal Degeneration and Vision Impairment in Mice Susceptible to Prenatal Stress-Induced Behavioral Abnormalities.

Chronic exposure to prenatal stress can impair neurogenesis and lead to irreversible cognitive and neuropsychiatric abnormalities in offspring. The retina is part of the nervous system; however, the impacts of prenatal stress on retinal neurogenesis and visual function remain unclear. This study examined how elevated prenatal glucocorticoid levels differentially affect retinal development in the offspring of pregnant mice exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS).

Proximate analysis and profiles of amino acids, fatty acids, and minerals in insect-based foods for dogs.

Objective: To analyze crude protein, crude fat, crude ash, crude fiber, amino acids, fatty acids, and minerals in insect-based dog foods and to evaluate their compliance with nutritional guidelines.

Methods: Proximate analysis, mineral analysis, amino acid profiling, and fatty acid composition analysis were conducted from November 27, 2023, through February 2024 on 18 commercially available insect-based dog foods formulated for all-life-stage or adult dogs.

Results: Proximate analysis results revealed that all 18 pet foods met the Association of American Feed Control Officials guidelines.

Clinical Outcome of Multicentric Lymphoma Treated with Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, Vincristine, and Prednisolone (CHOP) in Small Breed Dogs.

Lymphoma is one of the most common malignant tumors in dogs. Combination chemotherapy with vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and prednisolone (CHOP) is the most effective treatment for multicentric lymphoma. Previous studies have evaluated the response of large dogs to CHOP treatment and identified prognostic factors; however, studies on small dogs are lacking.

Evaluation serum soluble interleukin 2 receptor with diagnosis and prognosis in canine solid tumour: 34 cases.

Background/aim: The soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) serve as a valuable biomarker for tumors in human patients, as its levels increase during the activation of T lymphocytes in clinical states such as inflammation, infection, and tumor. This study aimed to demonstrate that sIL-2R levels can be also elevated in dogs with tumors and evaluate its applicability as a diagnostic and prognostic factor in canine cancer patients.

Patients And Methods: Serum was collected from 6 healthy dogs and 34 dogs with solid tumors.

Establishment and long-term expansion of adult hepatobiliary organoids co-cultured with liver endothelial cells.

The liver has a unique ability to regenerate in response to injury or disease with hepatocytes and biliary epithelial cells (BECs) driving the regenerative response. Liver progenitor cells (LPCs) also play role in regeneration with the ability to differentiate into either hepatocytes or BECs. However, during chronic liver disease, the regenerative capacity of the liver is impaired.

Oxidative hemolytic crises in a dog due to fragrance products: clinical insights and treatment approaches.

Importance: This is the first reported case of fragrance products-induced recurrent oxidative hemolytic anemia in a dog, detailing the successful therapeutic approach employed.

Case Presentation: A 4-year-old intact female Pomeranian dog presented with brown tongue, pigmenturia, peripheral edema, and vomiting. Blood smears revealed a high count of eccentrocytes and Heinz bodies, along with a precipitous decline in packed cell volume and an increase in blood methemoglobin levels, suggesting an oxidative hemolytic crisis.

A retrospective study of tracheal collapse in small-breed dogs: 110 cases (2022-2024).

Background: The grade of tracheal collapse (TC) is assessed by the diameter of the narrowed lumen. However, studies on the relationship between TC grade and clinical symptom severity are lacking.

Objectives: To investigate the clinical characteristics of small-breed dogs diagnosed with TC and determine if fluoroscopic grading correlates with cough severity.

Intravenous injection of allogenic canine mesenchymal stem cells in 40 client-owned dogs: a safety assessment in veterinary clinical trials.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the adverse effects of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplanted via intravenous infusion in dogs and examine their safety. We performed a retrospective analysis of various clinical assessments, including physical examination, blood tests, and radiographs, and monitored the formation of neoplasms during a 6-month follow-up period in 40 client-owned dogs that received intravenous infusion of adipose tissue-derived MSCs (AT-MSCs) for the treatment of various underlying diseases between 2012 and 2018.

Results: No significant adverse effects of MSC therapy were detected by clinical assessment, blood tests, or radiographic examination in the 6-month follow-up period after the first MSC treatment.

Pirfenidone inhibits TGF-β1-induced fibrosis via downregulation of Smad and ERK pathway in MDCK cells.

The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in dogs increases with age, and renal fibrosis is an important pathophysiological mechanism in this process. However, only a few drugs that can effectively inhibit fibrosis in the kidneys of dogs are currently available. In this study, we aimed to determine whether pirfenidone, a drug that has shown antifibrotic effects in various clinical studies, also exerts antifibrotic effects on canine renal tubular epithelial cells, Madin-Darby canine kidney cells (MDCK).

Blood Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as a Potential Prognostic Marker in Dogs ≤10 kg With Multicentric Lymphoma.

Canine lymphoma, the most prevalent haematopoietic tumour in dogs, presents significant challenges in veterinary oncology. This study investigates the prognostic value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in small-sized dogs (≤10 kg) with multicentric lymphoma. In this retrospective study, we examined medical records and haematological data from 35 dogs to assess the association between NLR and two key outcomes: time-to-progression (TTP) and lymphoma-specific survival (LSS) using Cox proportional hazards models.

Romiplostim for treatment of thrombocytopenia in dogs: A retrospective assessment and clinical outcomes.

Background: Romiplostim, a thrombopoietin analog, is commonly used to treat immune-mediated thrombocytopenia (ITP) in humans, but its use in dogs remains limited.

Objectives: Evaluate the effects and adverse events of romiplostim administration in dogs with thrombocytopenia caused by various underlying diseases.

Animals: Forty-two client-owned dogs with naturally occurring thrombocytopenia at 2 referral animal hospitals.

Palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome resulting from toceranib phosphate in a dog with apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma: a case report.

An 11-year-old neutered male Miniature Poodle with a stage 3 apocrine gland adenocarcinoma was started on chemotherapy with toceranib phosphate after surgery. Beginning on day 10 of toceranib, the dog's foot pads became erythematous and hyperkeratinized. The dog complained of pain, inability to walk, depression, and loss of appetite.

Canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy in a dog with renal Fanconi syndrome.

Renal Fanconi syndrome (RFS) affects the proximal tubular resorption in the nephrons. This causes excessive loss of key solutes through the urine. In a canine patient, we successfully managed the renal tubular acidosis and proteinuria caused by RFS via transplantation of canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (cAT-MSCs).

TSG-6 in extracellular vesicles from canine mesenchymal stem/stromal is a major factor in relieving DSS-induced colitis.

Adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (ASC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EV) have been reported to be beneficial against dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. We hypothesize that the tumor necrosis factor-α-stimulated gene/protein 6 (TSG-6) in EVs is a key factor influencing the alleviation of colitis symptoms.

Preconditioning of canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells with deferoxamine potentiates anti-inflammatory effects by directing/reprogramming M2 macrophage polarization.

Preconditioning with hypoxia or hypoxia-mimetic agents has been tried with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to improve the secretion of anti-inflammatory factors. These preconditioning procedures upregulate hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) 1-alpha leading to the transcription of HIF-dependent tissue protective and anti-inflammatory genes. Due to the limited number of studies exploring the activity of deferoxamine (DFO)-a hypoxia-mimetic agent-in MSCs, we aimed to determine whether DFO can enhance the secretion of anti-inflammatory substances in canine adipose tissue-derived (cAT)-MSCs.

Enhanced angiogenic activity of dimethyloxalylglycine-treated canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells.

The paracrine function of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) during transplantation has been recently studied due to its poor differentiation ratio. Dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG) has been used to promote angiogenesis in experimental animal models, however, comparable approaches for canine MSCs are not sufficient. In the present study, we assessed whether DMOG improves angiogenesis in canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (cAT-MSCs).

Antitumour effects of Liporaxel (oral paclitaxel) for canine melanoma in a mouse xenograft model.

Paclitaxel, a member of the taxane family, exhibits antitumour effects by targeting the microtubules in cancer cells. Recently, oral paclitaxel has been developed to overcome the side effects of intravenous paclitaxel administration in human patients. The objective of this study was to investigate the antitumour effects of oral paclitaxel in vitro and in vivo.

Prostaglandin E secreted from feline adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells alleviate DSS-induced colitis by increasing regulatory T cells in mice.

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an intractable autoimmune disease, relatively common in cats, with chronic vomiting and diarrhea. Previous studies have reported that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) alleviate inflammation by modulating immune cells. However, there is a lack of research on cross-talk mechanism between feline adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (fAT-MSCs) and immune cells in IBD model.

Extracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase A autoantibody and C-reactive protein as serum biomarkers for diagnosis of cancer in dogs.

Protein kinase A, a cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-dependent enzyme, normally exists within mammalian cells; however, in cancer cells, it can leak out and be found in the serum. Extracellular cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase A (ECPKA) has been determined to increase in the serum of cancer-bearing dogs. However, there have been no reports in the veterinary literature on serum ECPKA autoantibody (ECPKA-Ab) expression in dogs with cancer.

TSG-6 secreted by human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells ameliorates severe acute pancreatitis via ER stress downregulation in mice.

Background: Through recent studies, the onset of acute pancreatitis in pancreatic acinar cells (PACs) and the regulatory role of PACs in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) have been revealed. During the early stages of pancreatitis, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in PACs undergoes significant changes, including swelling and vacuolization. In response to an increase in the extracellular stress in ER, PACs lose their functions, leading to cell apoptosis and inflammation response.

Canine mesenchymal stem cells treated with TNF-α and IFN-γ enhance anti-inflammatory effects through the COX-2/PGE pathway.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been used in studies on treatment of various diseases, and their application to immune-mediated diseases has garnered interest. Various methods for enhancing the immunomodulation effect of human MSCs have been used; however, similar approaches for canine MSCs are relatively unexplored. Accordingly, we evaluated immunomodulatory effects and mechanisms in canine MSCs treated with TNF-α and IFN-γ.

TSG-6 released from intraperitoneally injected canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate inflammatory bowel disease by inducing M2 macrophage switch in mice.

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an intractable autoimmune disorder that markedly deteriorates one's quality of life. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) alleviate inflammation by modulating inflammatory cytokines in inflamed tissues, and have been suggested as a promising alternative for IBD treatment in human and veterinary cases. Furthermore, tumor necrosis factor-α-induced gene/protein 6 (TSG-6) is a key factor influencing MSC immunomodulatory properties; however, the precise mechanism of TSG-6 release from canine MSCs in IBD remains unclear.