The impact of a lung-protective ventilation mode using transpulmonary driving pressure titrated positive end-expiratory pressure on the prognosis of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the impact of a lung-protective ventilation strategy utilizing transpulmonary driving pressure titrated positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on the prognosis [mechanical ventilation duration, hospital stay, 28-day mortality rate and incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), survival outcome] of patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS).

Methods: A total of 105 ARDS patients were randomly assigned to either the control group (n = 51) or the study group (n = 53). The control group received PEEP titration based on tidal volume [A tidal volume of 6 mL/kg, flow rate of 30-60 L/min, frequency of 16-20 breaths/min, constant flow rate, inspiratory-to-expiratory ratio of 1:1 to 1:1.

Direct hydrogenation of natural oils to fatty alcohols enabled by an alcoholysis/hydrogenation relay strategy and two-phase solvent system.

Direct hydrogenation of natural oils to fatty alcohols was achieved a relay strategy involving alcoholysis of natural oils followed by hydrogenation of fatty acid esters. A two-phase system was used to avoid catalyst poisoning by glycerol. This protocol is suitable for plant oils, animal fats and waste cooking oil.

Recent Advances in Reversible Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carrier Systems: From Hydrogen Carriers to Catalysts.

Liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs) have gained significant attention for large-scale hydrogen storage due to their remarkable gravimetric hydrogen storage capacity (HSC) and compatibility with existing oil and gas transportation networks for long-distance transport. However, the practical application of reversible LOHC systems has been constrained by the intrinsic thermodynamic properties of hydrogen carriers and the performances of associated catalysts in the (de)hydrogenation cycles. To overcome these challenges, thermodynamically favored carriers, high-performance catalysts, and catalytic procedures need to be developed.

Selective dehydrogenation of small and large molecules by a chloroiridium catalyst.

The dehydrogenation of abundant alkane feedstocks to olefins is one of the mostly intensively investigated reactions in organic catalysis. A long-standing, pervasive challenge in this transformation is the direct dehydrogenation of unactivated 1,1-disubstituted ethane, an aliphatic motif commonly found in organic molecules. Here, we report the design of a diphosphine chloroiridium catalyst for undirected dehydrogenation of this aliphatic class to form valuable 1,1-disubstituted ethylene.

An analysis of the correlation between diabetic retinopathy and preretinal oxygen tension using three-dimensional spoiled gradient-recalled echo sequence imaging.

Background: The aims of this study were to evaluate the levels of preretinal oxygen tension in patients with diabetes who did not have hypertension by using three-dimensional spoiled gradient-recalled (3D-SPGR) echo sequence imaging and to explore the correlation between diabetic retinopathy (DR) and changes in preretinal oxygen tension.

Method: This study involved 15 patients with type 2 diabetes without hypertension, who were divided into a diabetic retinopathy (DR) group (n = 10 eyes) and a diabetic non-retinopathy (NDR) group (n = 20 eyes), according to the results of a fundus photography test. Another healthy control group (n = 14 eyes) also participated in the study.

Visible-Light-Induced α,γ-C(sp)-H Difunctionalization of Piperidines.

Herein, we describe a novel protocol for visible-light-induced α,γ-C(sp)-H difunctionalization of piperidines. This redox-neutral, atom-economical protocol, which exhibits a broad substrate scope and good functional group compatibility, constitutes a concise, practical method for constructing piperidine-containing bridged-ring molecules. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicated that highly regioselective activation of the inert γ-C(sp)-H bond of piperidines was achieved through a 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer reaction of a nitrogen radical generated in situ.

Correlation Between IVIM-DWI Parameters and Pathological Classification of Idiopathic Orbital Inflammatory Pseudotumors: A Preliminary Study.

Objective: To investigate the correlation between intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging (IVIM-DWI) and the pathological classification of idiopathic orbital inflammatory pseudotumors (IOIPs).

Methods: Nineteen patients who were diagnosed with IOIPs (a total of 24 affected eyes) between November 2018 and December 2020 were included in the study. All the patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging orbital plain scans and IVIM-DWI multiparameter scans before an operation.

Site-Selective Acceptorless Dehydrogenation of Aliphatics Enabled by Organophotoredox/Cobalt Dual Catalysis.

The value of catalytic dehydrogenation of aliphatics (CDA) in organic synthesis has remained largely underexplored. Known homogeneous CDA systems often require the use of sacrificial hydrogen acceptors (or oxidants), precious metal catalysts, and harsh reaction conditions, thus limiting most existing methods to dehydrogenation of non- or low-functionalized alkanes. Here we describe a visible-light-driven, dual-catalyst system consisting of inexpensive organophotoredox and base-metal catalysts for room-temperature, acceptorless-CDA (Al-CDA).

Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Densely Functionalized Diheteroaryl and Diaryl Ketones by a Ru-Catalyst of Minimal Stereogenicity.

A highly enantioselective asymmetric transfer hydrogenation (ATH) of densely functionalized diheteroaryl and diaryl ketones was developed using Ru-catalysts of minimal stereogenicity. Various ketone substrates with structurally and electronically similar groups attached to the prochiral centers were reduced successfully in good to excellent enantioselectivities and yields. This protocol provides practical and efficient access to chiral diheteroarylmethanols and benzhydrols, which are key intermediates in pharmaceuticals and biologically active compounds.

LncRNA MIAT Promotes Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Sepsis-Induced Cardiac Injury by Targeting miR-330-5p/TRAF6/NF-κB Axis.

Sepsis is a whole-body inflammation and main cause of death in intensive care units worldwide. We aimed to investigate the roles of lncRNA MIAT and miR-330-5p in modulating inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in lipopolysachariden (LPS)-induced septic cardiomyopathy. Serum and heart tissue were collected from in vivo septic mice model, ELISA and qRT-PCR were used to measure the expression of pro-inflammation cytokines, MIAT and miR-330-5p, respectively.

Use of 3D Printing to Guide Creation of Fenestrations in Physician-Modified Stent-Grafts for Treatment of Thoracoabdominal Aortic Disease.

To summarize the experience and outcomes of total endovascular repair of thoracoabdominal aortic disease using 3-dimensional (3D) printed models to guide on-site creation of fenestrations in aortic stent-grafts. From April 2018 to March 2019, 34 patients (mean age 58±14 years; 24 men) with thoracoabdominal aortic disease were treated in our department. Nineteen patients had thoracoabdominal aortic dissection and 15 had thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm.

PDK1 Regulates the Maintenance of Cell Body and the Development of Dendrites of Purkinje Cells by pS6 and PKCγ.

3-Phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK1) plays a critical role in the development of mammalian brain. Here, we investigated the role of PDK1 in Purkinje cells (PCs) by generating the PDK1-conditional knock-out mice (cKO) through crossing or mice with mice. The male mice were used in the behavioral testing, and the other experiments were performed on mice of both sexes.

Effectiveness and Safety of Umbilicus Treatment with Modified Dinggui Powder () in Patients with Chronic Nonbacterial Prostatitis: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Chinese herbal external umbilicus treatment with Modified Dinggui Powder (, MDGP) in patients with chronic nonbacterial prostatitis (CNP).

Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted among 72 patients with CNP. Participants were randomly allocated to a treatment group and a placebo group using computer software in a 1:1 ratio, and received either MDGP external umbilicus treatment (MDGP group, 36 cases) or placebo control groupl (36 cases) at acupoints Shenque (CV 8), twice a week for 4 weeks.

Septic shock caused by Rhizobium radiobacter in an elderly woman: A case report.

Rationale: Rhizobium radiobacter is a Gram-negative pathogen present in soil and plants. Cases of R radiobacter infection in immunocompromised hosts have been sporadically reported. However, septic shock caused by R radiobacter is rarely seen.

Effect of Essential Oil on Patients with Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of essential oil treatment for type III chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS).

Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted from December 2014 to October 2015. Seventy type III CP/CPPS patients were assigned to the essential oil group (35 cases) or almond placebo oil control group (35 cases) by a random number table.

Circulating follicular helper T cells presented distinctively different responses toward bacterial antigens in primary biliary cholangitis.

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic and progressive cholestatic liver disease with unknown causes. The initiation of PBC is associated with bacterial infections and abnormal immune correlates, such as the presence of self-reactive anti-mitochondrial antibodies and shifted balance of T cell subsets. In particular, the CD4CXCR5 follicular helper T (Tfh) cells are highly activated in PBC patients and are significantly associated with PBC severity, but the underlying reasons are unknown.

Copper-catalyzed Mannich-type oxidative β-functionalization of tertiary amines.

A copper-catalyzed Mannich-type oxidative β-functionalization reaction of amines has been developed. In the presence of an oxidant and a copper catalyst, tertiary amines reacted with N-tosylimines, providing synthetically important 1,3-diamines and enamines, respectively. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggested that the oxidation of the tertiary amine to the enamine intermediate triggers subsequent Mannich-type reactions with N-tosylimines and thus enables the direct β-functionalization of the tertiary amines.

Enantioselective Approach to (-)-Hamigeran B and (-)-4-Bromohamigeran B via Catalytic Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Racemic Ketone To Assemble the Chiral Core Framework.

A new strategy featuring an iridium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of a racemic ketone via dynamic kinetic resolution to generate a cyclopentanol with three contiguous stereocenters and a SmI2-promoted pinacol coupling to install the six-membered ring with correct stereochemistry has been described for the enantioselective total synthesis of (-)-hamigeran B (19 steps, 10.6% overall yield) and (-)-4-bromohamigeran B (19 steps, 12.3% overall yield).

Nickel-Catalyzed Hydroacylation of Styrenes with Simple Aldehydes: Reaction Development and Mechanistic Insights.

The first nickel-catalyzed intermolecular hydroacylation reaction of alkenes with simple aldehydes has been developed. This reaction offers a new approach to the selective preparation of branched ketones in high yields (up to 99%) and branched selectivities (up to 99:1). Experimental data provide evidence for reversible formation of acyl-nickel-alkyl intermediate, and DFT calculations show that the aldehyde C-H bond transfer to a coordinated alkene without oxidative addition is involved.

Significant sex-based outcome differences in severely injured Chinese trauma patients.

A body of experimental evidence suggests that the female sex is associated with a lower risk of mortality after trauma-hemorrhage. However, controversy remains regarding the mechanism responsible for these differences and if basic science findings correspond to clinical differences. Racial disparities in trauma outcomes have also been increasingly described.

[Pay close attention to drug-induced lupus].

Drug-induced lupus (DIL) is a lupus-like illness that has been recognized as a side effect of over 80 drugs since its first description in association with sulfadiazine in 1945. The epidemiology and clinical course of idiopathic systemic lupus erythematosus and DIL differ markedly, and prognosis is generally favorable in the latter although occasional life-threatening cases have been reported in the literature. Constant pharmacovigilance is crucial for prompt diagnosis and cessation of offending therapy, hence achieving the best outcome.