Levetiracetam Protects Against Cognitive Impairment of Subthreshold Convulsant Discharge Model Rats by Activating Protein Kinase C (PKC)-Growth-Associated Protein 43 (GAP-43)-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase (CaMK) Signal Transduction Pathway.

BACKGROUND Subclinical epileptiform discharges (SEDs) are defined as epileptiform electroencephalographic (EEG) discharges without clinical signs of seizure in patients. The subthreshold convulsant discharge (SCD) is a frequently used model for SEDs. This study aimed to investigate the effect of levetiracetam (LEV), an anti-convulsant drug, on cognitive impairment of SCD model rats and to assess the associated mechanisms.

Impact of drying and composting procedures on the concentrations of 4-nonylphenols, di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate and polychlorinated biphenyls in anaerobically digested sewage sludge.

Enhanced treatments of sewage sludge produce a more manageable product for agricultural use by stabilizing the material, removing water, and reducing the possibility of pathogen transfer. We investigated the impact of pilot-scale composting and drying of sludge on physicochemical characteristics and on the concentrations of some organic contaminants. During the 143 day composting procedure, organic matter fell 22% and moisture by half.

Analysis of 4-nonylphenols, phthalates, and polychlorinated biphenyls in soils and biosolids.

When sewage sludge is added to agricultural land, organic chemicals contaminants are also added. The fate of these chemicals, particularly those shown to have oestrogenic potential, has received much research and regulatory interest in recent years. A method was developed for the analysis of 4-nonylphenols, phthalates, and PCB congeners in soils, mesophilic anaerobially digested dewatered (MADD) sewage sludge, and MADD sludge-amended soil.