Three-dimensional analysis of biplanar cephalograms.

The aims of this study were to reconstruct a three-dimensional (3D) model, to provide a 3D analysis using biplanar cephalograms [postero-anterior (PA) and lateral] with orthogonal projection, and to compare the differences between the 3D and two-dimensional (2D) analyses. The procedures were as follows: (1) to identify landmarks from a dry skull and to construct the norms for the spatial information of the skull from the 3D reconstruction using computerized tomography (CT); (2) to reconstruct a 3D model using biplanar cephalograms (PA and lateral); and (3) to compare the differences between the 2D and 3D analyses. Fifteen clearly visible landmarks identified on both films were used in this study.