High-throughput SNP markers for authentication of Korean wheat cultivars based on seven complete plastomes and the nuclear genome.

Unlabelled: Wheat () has diverse uses in the food industry, and different cultivars have unique properties; therefore, it is important to select the optimal cultivar for the intended end use. Here, to establish an identification system for Korean wheat cultivars, we obtained the complete plastome sequences of seven major Korean cultivars. Additionally, the open access database CerealsDB was queried to discover single-copy genomic single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the hexaploid wheat genome.

The Unstable Restorer-of-fertility locus in pepper (Capsicum annuum. L) is delimited to a genomic region containing PPR genes.

Unstable Restorer-of-fertility (Rf), conferring unstable fertility restoration in the pepper CGMS system, was delimited to a genomic region near Rf and is syntenic to the PPR-like gene-rich region in tomato. The use of cytoplasmic-genic male sterility (CGMS) systems greatly increases the efficiency of hybrid seed production. Although marker development and candidate gene isolation have been performed for the Restorer-of-fertility (Rf) gene in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.

F-Box Family Genes, and Regulate Low-Temperature Stress Tolerance in Pepper ().

The F-box proteins belong to a family of regulatory proteins that play key roles in the proteasomal degradation of other proteins. Plant F-box proteins are functionally diverse, and the precise roles of many such proteins in growth and development are not known. Previously, two low-temperature-sensitive F-box protein family genes ( and ) were identified as candidates responsible for the sensitivity to low temperatures in the pepper () cultivar ''.

Candidate Gene Analysis Reveals That the Fruit Color Locus Corresponds to in Pepper ().

The diverse fruit colors of peppers ( spp.) are due to variations in carotenoid composition and content. Mature fruit color in peppers is regulated by three independent loci, , , and .

Phytoene synthase 2 can compensate for the absence of PSY1 in the control of color in Capsicum fruit.

Phytoene synthase 1 (PSY1) and capsanthin-capsorubin synthase (CCS) are two major genes responsible for fruit color variation in pepper (Capsicum spp.). However, the role of PSY2 remains unknown.

A non-LTR retrotransposon activates anthocyanin biosynthesis by regulating a MYB transcription factor in Capsicum annuum.

The flavonoid compound anthocyanin is an important plant metabolite with nutritional and aesthetic value as well as anti-oxidative capacity. MYB transcription factors are key regulators of anthocyanin biosynthesis in plants. In pepper (Capsicum annuum), the CaAn2 gene, encoding an R2R3 MYB transcription factor, regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis.

Single-molecule real-time sequencing reveals diverse allelic variations in carotenoid biosynthetic genes in pepper (Capsicum spp.).

The diverse colours of mature pepper (Capsicum spp.) fruit result from the accumulation of different carotenoids. The carotenoid biosynthetic pathway has been well elucidated in Solanaceous plants, and analysis of candidate genes involved in this process has revealed variations in carotenoid biosynthetic genes in Capsicum spp.

Continuous cropping of endangered therapeutic plants via electron beam soil-treatment and neutron tomography.

Various medicinal plants are threatened with extinction owing to their over-exploitation and the prevalence of soil borne pathogens. In this study, soils infected with root-rot pathogens, which prevent continuous-cropping, were treated with an electron beam. The level of soil-borne fungus was reduced to ≤0.

The F-box protein FKF1 inhibits dimerization of COP1 in the control of photoperiodic flowering.

In Arabidopsis thaliana, CONSTANS (CO) plays an essential role in the regulation of photoperiodic flowering under long-day conditions. CO protein is stable only in the afternoon of long days, when it induces the expression of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), which promotes flowering. The blue-light photoreceptor FLAVIN-BINDING, KELCH REPEAT, F-BOX1 (FKF1) interacts with CO and stabilizes it by an unknown mechanism.

Divergent evolution of multiple virus-resistance genes from a progenitor in Capsicum spp.

Plants have evolved hundreds of nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich domain proteins (NLRs) as potential intracellular immune receptors, but the evolutionary mechanism leading to the ability to recognize specific pathogen effectors is elusive. Here, we cloned Pvr4 (a Potyvirus resistance gene in Capsicum annuum) and Tsw (a Tomato spotted wilt virus resistance gene in Capsicum chinense) via a genome-based approach using independent segregating populations. The genes both encode typical NLRs and are located at the same locus on pepper chromosome 10.

O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase promotes cervical cancer tumorigenesis through human papillomaviruses E6 and E7 oncogenes.

O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) increases O-GlcNAc modification (O-GlcNAcylation), and transcriptional co-regulator host cell factor 1 (HCF-1) is one of OGT targets. High-risk Human Papillomaviruses (HPVs) encode E6 and E7 oncoproteins, which promote cervical cancer. Here, we tested whether O-GlcNAc modification of HCF-1 affects HPV E6 and E7 expressions and tumorigenesis of cervical cancer.

Isolation and Characterization of Pepper Genes Interacting with the CMV-P1 Helicase Domain.

Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is a destructive pathogen affecting Capsicum annuum (pepper) production. The pepper Cmr1 gene confers resistance to most CMV strains, but is overcome by CMV-P1 in a process dependent on the CMV-P1 RNA1 helicase domain (P1 helicase). Here, to identify host factors involved in CMV-P1 infection in pepper, a yeast two-hybrid library derived from a C.

Regulation of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition and metastasis by Raf kinase inhibitory protein-dependent Notch1 activity.

Raf kinase inhibitory protein (RKIP), an endogenous inhibitor of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway, has been implicated as a suppressor of metastasis and a prognostic marker in cancers. However, how RKIP acts as a suppressor during metastasis is not fully understood. Here, we show that RKIP activity in cervical and stomach cancer is inversely correlated with endogenous levels of the Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD), which stimulates the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis.

CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 10 (COP10) Contributes to Floral Repression under Non-Inductive Short Days in Arabidopsis.

In Arabidopsis, CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC/DE-ETIOLATED/FUSCA (COP/DET/FUS) genes act in repression of photomorphogenesis in darkness, and recent reports revealed that some of these genes, such as COP1 and DET1, also have important roles in controlling flowering time and circadian rhythm. The COP/DET/FUS protein COP10 interacts with DET1 and DNA DAMAGE-BINDING PROTEIN 1 (DDB1) to form a CDD complex and represses photomorphogenesis in darkness. The cop10-4 mutants flower normally in inductive long days (LD) but early in non-inductive short days (SD) compared with wild type (WT); however, the role of COP10 remains unknown.

Criteria for Selecting an Optimal Device for the Contralateral Ear of Children with a Unilateral Cochlear Implant.

Objective: To identify clinical criteria for selecting the aiding device for the contralateral ear of children with a unilateral cochlear implant (CI).

Methods: Sixty-five children, including 36 bilateral CI users and 29 bimodal users, participated in the study. A speech perception test (monosyllabic word test) in noise was administered.

Plant Translation Elongation Factor 1Bβ Facilitates Potato Virus X (PVX) Infection and Interacts with PVX Triple Gene Block Protein 1.

The eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 (eEF1) has two components: the G-protein eEF1A and the nucleotide exchange factor eEF1B. In plants, eEF1B is itself composed of a structural protein (eEF1Bγ) and two nucleotide exchange subunits (eEF1Bα and eEF1Bβ). To test the effects of elongation factors on virus infection, we isolated eEF1A and eEF1B genes from pepper (Capsicum annuum) and suppressed their homologs in Nicotiana benthamiana using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS).

Negative regulatory roles of DE-ETIOLATED1 in flowering time in Arabidopsis.

Arabidopsis flowers early under long days (LD) and late under short days (SD). The repressor of photomorphogenesis DE-ETIOLATED1 (DET1) delays flowering; det1-1 mutants flower early, especially under SD, but the molecular mechanism of DET1 regulation remains unknown. Here we examine the regulatory function of DET1 in repression of flowering.

Delayed-onset hearing loss in pediatric candidates for cochlear implantation.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical significance of delayed-onset hearing loss in children. Seventy-three children who underwent cochlear implantation (CI) were included. They were divided into a congenital hearing loss group (n = 50) and a delayed-onset hearing loss group (n = 23).

Phytochrome-interacting transcription factors PIF4 and PIF5 induce leaf senescence in Arabidopsis.

Plants initiate senescence to shed photosynthetically inefficient leaves. Light deprivation induces leaf senescence, which involves massive transcriptional reprogramming to dismantle cellular components and remobilize nutrients. In darkness, intermittent pulses of red light can inhibit senescence, likely via phytochromes.

Expression profile of fas-fas ligand in spiral ganglion cells during apoptosis.

Objectives: To examine the expression profile of Fas-Fas ligand (FasL) during glutamate (Glu)-induced spiral ganglion cell (SGC) apoptosis.

Methods: Cultured SGCs were treated with 10-mM, 25-mM, and 50-mM concentrations of Glu and incubated for 24 or 48 hours. The expression intensity of FasL, Fas, caspase 3, and morphology of single SGC were evaluated using immunofluorescence staining.