GPR41 and GPR43: From development to metabolic regulation.

G-protein-coupled receptors are a diverse class of cell surface receptors that orchestrate numerous physiological functions. The G-protein-coupled receptors, GPR41 and GPR43, sense short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are metabolites of dietary fermentation by the host's intestinal bacteria. These receptors have gained attention as potential therapeutic targets against various diseases because of their SCFA-mediated beneficial effects on the host's intestinal health.

Garcinia Cambogia Improves High-Fat Diet-Induced Glucose Imbalance by Enhancing Calcium/CaMKII/AMPK/GLUT4-Mediated Glucose Uptake in Skeletal Muscle.

Scope: Garcinia cambogia (G. cambogia) is known to have antiobesity effects. In this study, the therapeutic effects of G.

Treatment With Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β Inhibitor Decreases Apoptotic and Autophagic Reactions in Rat Rotator Cuff Tears.

Background: Apoptosis and autophagy are known to be correlated with the extent of damage in torn rotator cuffs, and there is no biological evidence for self-recovery or healing of the rotator cuff tear.

Purpose: To establish in a rat model of partial- and full-thickness rotator cuff tears how a glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) inhibitor affects the expression of apoptotic and autophagic markers.

Study Design: Controlled laboratory study.

Machine Learning for Recurrence Prediction of Gynecologic Cancers Using Lynch Syndrome-Related Screening Markers.

To support the implementation of genome-based precision medicine, we developed machine learning models that predict the recurrence of patients with gynecologic cancer in using immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) based on clinical and pathologic characteristics, including Lynch syndrome-related screening markers such as immunohistochemistry (IHC) and microsatellite instability (MSI) tests. To accomplish our goal, we reviewed the patient demographics, clinical data, and pathological results from their medical records. Then we identified seven potential characteristics (four MMR IHC [ and ], MSI, Age 60, and tumor size).

Therapeutic effect of local photothermal heating of gold nanoparticle-coated self-expandable metallic stents for suppressing granulation tissue formation in the mouse colon.

Purpose: To investigate the therapeutic effect of local photothermal (PT) heating on suppression of stent-induced granulation tissue formation in mouse colon.

Materials And Methods: A gold nanoparticle (GNP)-coated self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS) was prepared using a two-step synthesis process for local PT heating under near-infrared laser irradiation. Twenty-four mice were randomly divided into two groups of 12 and subjected to SEMS placement in the colon.

Local Heat Treatment for Suppressing Gastroduodenal Stent-Induced Tissue Hyperplasia Using Nanofunctionalized Self-Expandable Metallic Stent in Rat Gastric Outlet Model.

Despite the promising results from the placement of covered or uncovered self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS) as a nonsurgical therapeutic option for the malignant gastric outlet obstruction (GOO), the long patency of the stent is still limited because of stent-induced tissue hyperplasia. Here, a local heat treatment using a nanofunctionalized SEMS is proposed for suppressing stent-induced tissue hyperplasia during GOO treatment. Highly efficient photothermal gold nanoparticle (GNP) transducer-coated SEMSs (GNP-SEMSs) were prepared for local heat treatment in rat gastric outlet.

Estrogen Replacement Reduces Hearing Threshold Shifts and Cochlear Hair Cell Loss After Acoustic Overexposure in Ovariectomized Rats.

Objectives: The relationship of estrogen (the primary female sex hormone) with hearing function has been studied in both humans and animals. However, whether estrogen levels affect hearing remains uncertain. Therefore, in this study, we investigated changes in the vulnerability of hearing to acoustic overexposure in ovariectomized female rats.

Measurement of horizontal ocular deviation on magnetic resonance imaging in various disease with acute vertigo.

In our previous study, we found that horizontal ocular deviation (OD) was significantly increased in patients with unilateral vestibular neuritis (VN). This study is aimed to compare the measurements of horizontal OD in various diseases which can present as acute vertigo in the emergency department. We retrospectively reviewed patients who visited the emergency department and underwent brain MRI due to acute vertigo.

Persistent static imbalance among acute unilateral vestibulopathy patients could be related to a damaged velocity storage system.

Acute unilateral vestibulopathy (AUV) is common but, the course of disease recovery is variable. Moreover, the final recovery status might vary between subjects. The remaining symptoms of these patients indicate the poor recovery of static imbalance, which could limit social activities and decrease their quality of life.

Sustained Ca2+ mobilizations: A quantitative approach to predict their importance in cell-cell communication and wound healing.

Epithelial wound healing requires the coordination of cells to migrate as a unit over the basement membrane after injury. To understand the process of this coordinated movement, it is critical to study the dynamics of cell-cell communication. We developed a method to characterize the injury-induced sustained Ca2+ mobilizations that travel between cells for periods of time up to several hours.

Fluoroscopic self-expandable metallic stent placement for treating post-operative nonanastomotic strictures in the proximal small bowel: a 15-year single institution experience.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of fluoroscopic self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS) placement for treating postoperative nonanastomotic strictures in the proximal small bowel.

Methods: Data from 8 consecutive patients (mean age, 63.8 ± 6.

In Vivo Fluorescence Microendoscopic Monitoring of Stent-Induced Fibroblast Cell Proliferation in an Esophageal Mouse Model.

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of self-expanding metal stent (SEMS) placement and fluorescence microendoscopic monitoring for determination of fibroblast cell proliferation after stent placement in an esophageal mouse model.

Materials And Methods: Twenty fibroblast-specific protein (FSP)-1 green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic mice were analyzed. Ten mice (Group A) underwent SEMS placement, and fluoroscopic and fluorescence microendoscopic images were obtained biweekly until 8 weeks thereafter.

EW-7197, an oral transforming growth factor β type I receptor kinase inhibitor, for preventing peritoneal adhesion formation in a rat model.

Background: EW-7197 is an oral transforming growth factor β type I receptor kinase inhibitor currently undergoing phase I clinical trials for cancer treatment in the United States. This study evaluates whether EW-7197 prevents peritoneal adhesion formation in a rat model.

Methods: Forty-eight female Wistar rats underwent peritoneal adhesion induction by the creation of peritoneal ischemic buttons and were randomly divided into 4 groups of 12 each.

Transnasal Placement of a Balloon-Expandable Metallic Stent: Human Cadaver Study of the Eustachian Tube.

Purpose: To investigate the technical feasibility of stent placement in the cartilaginous portion of the Eustachian tube (ET).

Materials And Methods: Twelve ETs of 6 cadavers were used. Two different-sized stents were placed on either the right (2.

Fluoroscopic subtraction Eustachian tubography: initial feasibility test in a cadaver model.

Objectives: To evaluate the technical feasibility of direct Eustachian tube catheterisation and subtraction Eustachian tubography in a cadaver model.

Methods: A total of 12 separate sessions were performed on both sides of the Eustachian tube (ET) in six human cadavers. Cadavers were positioned for the submentovertical view on a fluoroscopy table.

Fluoroscopic Gastroduodenal Stent Placement in 55 Patients with Endoscopic Stent Placement Failure.

Purpose: To evaluate the technical feasibility and clinical effectiveness of fluoroscopic self-expandable metal stent (SEMS) placement in malignant gastroduodenal obstructions after failed endoscopic SEMS placement.

Materials And Methods: Between September 2010 and July 2017, 874 patients underwent endoscopic SEMS placement for dysphagia caused by malignant gastroduodenal obstructions. Endoscopic SEMS placement failed in 55 of 874 patients (6.

EW-7197 eluting nano-fiber covered self-expandable metallic stent to prevent granulation tissue formation in a canine urethral model.

Purpose: To evaluate an EW-7197-eluting nanofiber-covered stent (NFCS) for suppressing granulation tissue formation after stent placement in a canine urethral model.

Materials And Methods: All experiments were approved by the committee of animal research. A total of 12 NFCSs were placed in the proximal and distal urethras of six dogs.

The M5 Cell: A Color-Opponent Intrinsically Photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cell.

Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) combine direct photosensitivity through melanopsin with synaptically mediated drive from classical photoreceptors through bipolar-cell input. Here, we sought to provide a fuller description of the least understood ipRGC type, the M5 cell, and discovered a distinctive functional characteristic-chromatic opponency (ultraviolet excitatory, green inhibitory). Serial electron microscopic reconstructions revealed that M5 cells receive selective UV-opsin drive from Type 9 cone bipolar cells but also mixed cone signals from bipolar Types 6, 7, and 8.

Acute Biliary Obstruction After Gastroduodenal Covered Self-Expanding Metallic Stent Placement in Patients with Previous Biliary Stent Placement for Periampullary Cancer: Frequency and Protective Factors.

Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the frequency and protective factors of acute biliary obstruction in patients with biliary stent placement followed by gastroduodenal covered self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS) placement owing to progression of periampullary cancer.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 58 patients. Total bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels before and after gastroduodenal covered SEMS placement were evaluated.

Respiratory support with venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation during stent placement for the palliation of critical airway obstruction: case series analysis.

Background: Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) is used to support gas transfer of patients suffering from respiratory failure during various procedures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the technical feasibility and safety of fluoroscopic stent placement under respiratory support with VV ECMO in patients with critical airway obstructions.

Methods: We reviewed the records of 17 patients (14 male and 3 female; mean age: 63 years; range, 30-82 years) who underwent self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS) placement under VV ECMO respiratory support for critical airway obstruction caused by malignant (n=16) or benign (n=1) etiology.

Self-Expandable Metal Stent Use to Palliate Malignant Esophagorespiratory Fistulas in 88 Patients.

Purpose: To identify predictors associated with clinical outcomes (initial clinical failure, stent patency, and survival) after self-expandable metal stent (SEMS) placement for malignant esophagorespiratory fistulas (ERFs).

Materials And Methods: Using logistic and Cox regression analyses, this study reviewed 88 patients (mean age 59.4 y ± 8.

Recurrent Benign Urethral Strictures Treated with Covered Retrievable Self-Expandable Metallic Stents: Long-Term Outcomes over an 18-Year Period.

Purpose: To assess the long-term outcomes of covered retrievable self-expandable metallic stent (REMS) placement for recurrent benign urethral stricture and to compare the outcomes associated with 3 types of covered REMSs.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective study was performed in 54 male patients in whom 114 REMSs were placed between November 1998 and December 2016. These included 26 polyurethane-covered REMSs in 13 patients (group A), 47 internally polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-covered REMSs in 21 patients (group B), and 41 externally PTFE-covered REMSs in 20 patients (group C).

Sirolimus-eluting Biodegradable Poly-l-Lactic Acid Stent to Suppress Granulation Tissue Formation in the Rat Urethra.

Purpose To investigate the use of sirolimus-eluting biodegradable stents (SEBSs) to suppress granulation tissue formation after stent placement in a rat urethral model. Materials and Methods All experiments were approved by the animal research committee. A total of 36 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into three equal groups after biodegradable stent placement.