Keratinocytes-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species Play an Active Role to Induce Type 2 Inflammation of the Skin: A Pathogenic Role of Reactive Oxygen Species at the Early Phase of Atopic Dermatitis.

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by chronic, relapsing skin inflammation (eczema) with itchy sensation. Keratinocytes, which are located at the outermost part of our body, are supposed to play important roles at the early phase of type 2 inflammation including AD pathogenesis.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether keratinocytes-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) could be produced by the allergens or non-allergens, and the keratinocytes-derived ROS could modulate a set of biomarkers for type 2 inflammation of the skin.

Sensitivity and Usefulness of VE1 Immunohistochemical Staining in Acral Melanomas with Mutation.

Background: Acral melanomas are known to have a low frequency of mutation, in contrary to higher mutation. Recently, VE1 immunostaining was reported to have a good correlation with mutation status.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the clinicopathological features of -mutated acral melanomas and validate the correlation of the VE1 immunohistochemical stains in those cases.