Development and Characterization of Zinc Dry Electrodes for Wearable Electrophysiology.

Zinc dry electrodes were fabricated and investigated for wearable electrophysiology recording. Results from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and electromyography functionality testing show that zinc electrodes are suitable for use in electrophysiology. Two electrode configurations were tested: a standard disc and a custom tripolar concentric ring configuration.

Earable Multimodal Sensing and Stimulation: A Prospective Towards Unobtrusive Closed-Loop Biofeedback.

The human ear has emerged as a bidirectional gateway to the brain's and body's signals. Recent advances in around-the-ear and in-ear sensors have enabled the assessment of biomarkers and physiomarkers derived from brain and cardiac activity using ear-electroencephalography (ear-EEG), photoplethysmography (ear-PPG), and chemical sensing of analytes from the ear, with ear-EEG having been taken beyond-the-lab to outer space. Parallel advances in non-invasive and minimally invasive brain stimulation techniques have leveraged the ear's access to two cranial nerves to modulate brain and body activity.

Comprehensive simulation study and preliminary results on various shapes of nanopatterns for light extraction improvement in scintillation crystal.

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) systems with high spatial resolution and sensitivity suffer from reduced photon transmittance due to the high aspect ratio of scintillation crystals and the large refractive index (RI) difference at the crystal-photosensor boundary. This study aimed to enhance light extraction from the scintillation crystal to the photosensor by applying various nanopatterns on the crystal surface. Various nanopattern shapes, including line, circular, hexagonal, and tapered pyramid, were designed and simulated using Monte Carlo and finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) methods.

Artificial intelligence applied to electrocardiogram to rule out acute myocardial infarction: the ROMIAE multicentre study.

Background And Aims: Emerging evidence supports artificial intelligence-enhanced electrocardiogram (AI-ECG) for detecting acute myocardial infarction (AMI), but real-world validation is needed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of AI-ECG in detecting AMI in the emergency department (ED).

Methods: The Rule-Out acute Myocardial Infarction using Artificial intelligence Electrocardiogram analysis (ROMIAE) study is a prospective cohort study conducted in the Republic of Korea from March 2022 to October 2023, involving 18 university-level teaching hospitals.

Electrocardiographic-Driven artificial intelligence Model: A new approach to predicting One-Year mortality in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction patients.

Background: Despite the proliferation of heart failure (HF) mortality prediction models, their practical utility is limited. Addressing this, we utilized a significant dataset to develop and validate a deep learning artificial intelligence (AI) model for predicting one-year mortality in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) patients. The study's focus was to assess the effectiveness of an AI algorithm, trained on an extensive collection of ECG data, in predicting one-year mortality in HFrEF patients.

Measuring racial educational disparities over time amongst top achievers.

Educational disparities remain a key contributor to increasing social and wealth inequalities. To address this, researchers and policymakers have focused on average differences between racial groups or differences among students who are falling behind. This focus potentially leads to educational triage, diverting resources away from high-achieving students, including those from racial minorities.

Fabrication of a micropatterned shape-memory polymer patch with L-DOPA for tendon regeneration.

A scaffold design for tendon regeneration has been proposed, which mimics the microstructural features of tendons and provides appropriate mechanical properties. We synthesized a temperature-triggered shape-memory polymer (SMP) using the ring-opening polymerization of polycaprolactone (PCL) with polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a macroinitiator. We fabricated a micropatterned patch using SMP capillary force lithography, which mimicked a native tendon, for providing physical cues and guiding effects.

Continuous single-ended depth-of-interaction measurement using highly multiplexed signals and artificial neural networks.

. This study aims to enhance positron emission tomography (PET) imaging systems by developing a continuous depth-of-interaction (DOI) measurement technique using a single-ended readout. Our primary focus is on reducing the number of readout channels in the scintillation detectors while maintaining accurate DOI estimations, using a high-pass filter-based signal multiplexing technique combined with artificial neural networks (ANNs).

Inhibition of Differentiation of 3T3-L1 Cells by Increasing Glioma-Associated Oncogene Expression in L. Using KCTC 3115.

The inhibitory effect of L. on adipocyte differentiation can be enhanced by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) fermentation. In this study, we assessed the cellulose resolution, L.

Evaluation of dimethandrolone undecanoate in non-human primates as a candidate for long-acting injectable male contraceptive.

Background: Dimethandrolone undecanoate (DMAU) is under development as a single agent hormonal male contraceptive. DMAU is a prodrug hydrolyzed by esterase(s) to the active metabolite dimethandrolone (DMA) which has dual androgenic and progestogenic actions. Phase 1 clinical trial results show DMAU to be well-tolerated as an oral contraceptive in healthy men; however, delivery of DMAU as a long-acting injectable rather than a daily oral formulation would provide user compliance benefits and address oral bioavailability concerns.

Fast and accurate multi-bacterial identification using cleavable and FRET-based peptide nucleic acid probes.

Fast and accurate identification of pathogenic microbes in patient samples is crucial for the timely treatment of acute infectious diseases such as sepsis. The fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique allows the rapid detection and identification of microbes based on their variation in genomic sequence without time-consuming culturing or sequencing. However, the recent explosion of microbial genomic data has made it challenging to design an appropriate set of probes for microbial mixtures.

Deep learning algorithm for predicting left ventricular systolic dysfunction in atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response.

Aims: Although evaluation of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is crucial for deciding the rate control strategy in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), real-time assessment of LVEF is limited in outpatient settings. We aimed to investigate the performance of artificial intelligence-based algorithms in predicting LV systolic dysfunction (LVSD) in patients with AF and rapid ventricular response (RVR).

Methods And Results: This study is an external validation of a pre-existing deep learning algorithm based on residual neural network architecture.

Strategies for mitigating inter-crystal scattering effects in positron emission tomography: a comprehensive review.

Inter-crystal scattering (ICS) events in Positron Emission Tomography (PET) present challenges affecting system sensitivity and image quality. Understanding the physics and factors influencing ICS occurrence is crucial for developing strategies to mitigate its impact. This review paper explores the physics behind ICS events and their occurrence within PET detectors.

Identification of the Biotransformation Pathways of a Potential Oral Male Contraceptive, 11β-Methyl-19-Nortestosterone (11β-MNT) and Its Prodrugs: An In Vitro Study Highlights the Contribution of Polymorphic Intestinal UGT2B17.

11β-Methyl-19-nortestosterone dodecylcarbonate (11β-MNTDC) is a prodrug of 11β-MNT and is being considered as a promising male oral contraceptive candidate in clinical development. However, the oral administration of 11β-MNTDC exhibits an ~200-fold lower serum concentration of 11β-MNT compared to 11β-MNTDC, resulting in the poor bioavailability of 11β-MNT. To elucidate the role of the first-pass metabolism of 11β-MNT in its poor bioavailability, we determined the biotransformation products of 11β-MNT and its prodrugs in human in vitro models.

Conservation Potential Trough In Vitro Regeneration of Two Threatened Medicinal Plants and .

(US) and (UV) are medicinal plants and sources of biologically active compounds for pharmaceutical needs. The leaves of US contain 0.29-0.

AI-enabled ECG index for predicting left ventricular dysfunction in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.

Electrocardiogram (ECG) changes after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients are associated with prognosis. This study investigated the feasibility of predicting left ventricular (LV) dysfunction in STEMI patients using an artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled ECG algorithm developed to diagnose STEMI. Serial ECGs from 637 STEMI patients were analyzed with the AI algorithm, which quantified the probability of STEMI at various time points.

Naphthalene Diimide-Modified SnO Enabling Low-Temperature Processing for Efficient ITO-Free Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells.

A low-cost and indium-tin-oxide (ITO)-free electrode-based flexible perovskite solar cell (PSC) that can be fabricated by roll-to-roll processing shall be developed for successful commercialization. High processing temperatures present a challenge for the PSC fabrication on flexible substrates. The most efficient planar n-i-p PSC structures, which utilize a metal oxide as an electron transport layer (ETL), necessitate high annealing temperatures.

In Vitro Metabolism and Transport Characteristics of Zastaprazan.

Zastaprazan (JP-1366), a novel potassium-competitive acid blocker, is a new drug for the treatment of erosive esophagitis. JP-1366 is highly metabolized in human, mouse, and dog hepatocytes but moderately metabolized in rat and monkey hepatocytes when estimated from the metabolic stability of this compound in hepatocyte suspension and when 18 phase I metabolites and 5 phase II metabolites [i.e.

Development of new hormonal male contraception for the couple.

Background: Current options for male contraception are limited to condoms, the withdrawal method, or a vasectomy. Studies indicate that men have expressed growing interest in bearing responsibility for family planning.

Objectives: To review prior studies investigating the role of an androgen-only or androgen with progestin regimen for hormonal male contraception and to provide an update of a promising new hormonal agent, a transdermal gel.

A Low-Noise Low-Power 0.001Hz-1kHz Neural Recording System-on-Chip With Sample-Level Duty-Cycling.

Advances in brain-machine interfaces and wearable biomedical sensors for healthcare and human-computer interactions call for precision electrophysiology to resolve a variety of biopotential signals across the body that cover a wide range of frequencies, from the mHz-range electrogastrogram (EGG) to the kHz-range electroneurogram (ENG). Existing integrated wearable solutions for minimally invasive biopotential recordings are limited in detection range and accuracy due to trade-offs in bandwidth, noise, input impedance, and power consumption. This article presents a 16-channel wide-band ultra-low-noise neural recording system-on-chip (SoC) fabricated in 65nm CMOS for chronic use in mobile healthcare settings that spans a bandwidth of 0.

Simplified image-based dosimetry using planar images and patient-specific S-values.

Background: Single time point measurement approach and hybrid dosimetry were proposed to simplify the dosimetry process. It is anticipated that utilizing patient-specific S-value would enable more accurate dosimetry assessment based on imaging compared to using the conventional MIRD S-values.

Purpose: We performed planar image-based dosimetry scaled with a single SPECT image for the entire treatment cycle using patient-specific S-values (PSS dosimetry) of organs.

Surgical versus nonsurgical management of lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis based on spinal canal cross-sectional area.

Disability and pain associated with lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis (LDS) result in a significant burden on both the healthcare costs and patients' quality of life. Currently, there exists controversy regarding employment of either nonsurgical management (NSM) or surgical management (SM) in a clinical setting. Spinal canal cross-sectional area (SCA) has been an important morphological parameter for the analysis of LDS.