The roles and mechanisms of coding and noncoding RNA variations in cancer.

Functional variations in coding and noncoding RNAs are crucial in tumorigenesis, with cancer-specific alterations often resulting from chemical modifications and posttranscriptional processes mediated by enzymes. These RNA variations have been linked to tumor cell proliferation, growth, metastasis, and drug resistance and are valuable for identifying diagnostic or prognostic cancer biomarkers. The diversity of posttranscriptional RNA modifications, such as splicing, polyadenylation, methylation, and editing, is particularly significant due to their prevalence and impact on cancer progression.

Strong-Yet-Ductile Eutectic Alloys Employing Cocoon-Like Nanometer-Sized Dislocation Cells.

Eutectic alloys (EAs) with superior fluidity are known to be the easiest to cast into high-quality ingots, making them the alloys of choice for making large-sized structural parts. However, conventional EAs (CEAs) have never reached strength-ductility combinations on par with the best in other alloy categories. Via thermomechanical processing of cast Ni-32.

Association Between QRS Characteristics in Pulseless Electrical Activity and Survival Outcome in Cardiac Arrest Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: Recent studies have shown inconsistent results regarding the association between QRS characteristics and survival outcomes in patients with cardiac arrest and pulseless electrical activity (PEA) rhythms. This meta-analysis aimed to identify the usefulness of QRS width and frequency as prognostic tools for outcomes in patients with cardiac arrest and PEA rhythm.

Methods: Extensive searches were conducted using Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library to find articles published from database inception to 4 June 2023.

Graphitic carbon nitride alleviates cadmium toxicity to soybeans through nitrogen supply.

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) is a promising candidate for heavy metal remediation, primarily composed of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). It has been demonstrated that g-CN adjusts rhizosphere physicochemical conditions, especially N conditions, alleviating the absorption and accumulation of Cadmium (Cd) by soybeans. However, the mechanisms by which g-CN induces N alterations to mitigates plant uptake of Cd remain unclear.

Metabolomic changes in culture media with varying passage numbers of pig muscle stem cell culture for cultured meat production.

Selecting the primary cells in an optimal state for cultured meat production is a crucial challenge in commercializing cultured meat. We investigated the metabolomic changes in culture media according to passage numbers for indirectly assessing the state of primary cells. Pig skeletal muscle stem cells (PSCs) harvested from the biceps femoris muscles of 7-d-old crossbred pigs (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc, LYD) were used for cell characterization.

Characteristics of factor V and protein C based on results from Korean testing centers.

Objective: The global incidence of thrombosis is increasing. However, research on thrombosis in the context of Korea is scarce. We aimed to analyze the relationship between factor V and protein C test results and thrombosis in Koreans through a domestic commissioned testing institution conducting mass examinations.

The Effect of Multi-Step Tempering and Partition Heat Treatment on 25Cr2Ni3MoV Steel's Cryogenic Strength Properties.

In this study, the refinement of two microstructures was controlled in medium carbon 25Cr2Ni3MoV steel via multi-step tempering and partition (MTP) to achieve high cryogenic strength-ductility combinations. Microstructure evolution, the distribution of stress concentration, and microcrack formation and propagation during cryogenic Charpy impact testing were investigated. Compared with their performance in the quenching and tempering states (QT), the MTP steels showed a significant improvement in yield strength (1300 MPa), total elongation (25%), and impact toughness (>25 J) at liquid nitrogen temperature (LNT).

EGCG-induced selective death of cancer cells through autophagy-dependent regulation of the p62-mediated antioxidant survival pathway.

The effects of EGCG on the selective death of cancer cells by modulating antioxidant pathways through autophagy were explored in various normal and cancer cells. EGCG positively regulated the p62-KEAP1-NRF2-HO-1 pathway in normal cells, while negatively regulating it in cancer cells, leading to selective apoptotic death of cancer cells. In EGCG-treated MRC5 cells (EGCG-MRC5), autophagic flux was blocked, which was accompanied by the formation of p62-positive aggregates.

The Usefulness of Extradural Anterior Clinoidectomy for Lower-Lying Posterior Communicating Artery Aneurysms : A Cadaveric Study.

Objective: To confirm the usefulness of the extradural anterior clinoidectomy during the clipping of a lower riding posterior communicating artery (PCoA) aneurysm through cadaver dissection.

Methods: Anatomic measurements of 12 adult cadaveric heads (24 sides total) were performed to compare the microsurgical exposure of the PCoA and internal carotid artery (ICA) before and after clinoidectomy. A standard pterional craniotomy and transsylvian approach were performed in all cadavers.

Enhancing Lung Cancer Classification through Integration of Liquid Biopsy Multi-Omics Data with Machine Learning Techniques.

Early detection of lung cancer is crucial for patient survival and treatment. Recent advancements in next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis enable cell-free DNA (cfDNA) liquid biopsy to detect changes, like chromosomal rearrangements, somatic mutations, and copy number variations (CNVs), in cancer. Machine learning (ML) analysis using cancer markers is a highly promising tool for identifying patterns and anomalies in cancers, making the development of ML-based analysis methods essential.

Size-dependent deformation behavior in nanosized amorphous metals suggesting transition from collective to individual atomic transport.

The underlying atomistic mechanism of deformation is a central problem in mechanics and materials science. Whereas deformation of crystalline metals is fundamentally understood, the understanding of deformation of amorphous metals lacks behind, particularly identifying the involved temporal and spatial scales. Here, we reveal that at small scales the size-dependent deformation behavior of amorphous metals significantly deviates from homogeneous flow, exhibiting increasing deformation rate with reducing size and gradually shifted composition.

Advances in methylation analysis of liquid biopsy in early cancer detection of colorectal and lung cancer.

Methylation patterns in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) have emerged as a promising genomic feature for detecting the presence of cancer and determining its origin. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme digestion followed by sequencing (MRE-Seq) using cfDNA, and to investigate the cancer signal origin (CSO) of the cancer using a deep neural network (DNN) analyses for liquid biopsy of colorectal and lung cancer. We developed a selective MRE-Seq method with DNN learning-based prediction model using demethylated-sequence-depth patterns from 63,266 CpG sites using SacII enzyme digestion.

Cadaveric analysis of transcranial versus endoscopic transorbital petrosectomy: comparison of surgical maneuverability and brainstem exposure.

Introduction: While accessing the posterior fossa, the anterior transpetrosal approach (ATPA) and endoscopic transorbital approach (ETOA) use the same bony landmarks during petrous apex drilling. However, owing to their contrasting surgical axes, they are expected to show differences in surgical view, maneuverability, and clinical implications. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of ETOA in accessing the brainstem and to compare the surgical view and maneuverability of each approach.

Comparison of video laryngoscopy with direct laryngoscopy for intubation success in critically ill patients: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis.

Introduction: This review compares the efficacy of video laryngoscopy (VL) with direct laryngoscopy (DL) for successful tracheal intubation in critically ill or emergency-care patients.

Methods: We searched the MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared one or more video laryngoscopes to DL. Sensitivity analysis, subgroup analysis, and network meta-analysis were used to investigate factors potentially influencing the efficacy of VL.

Impact of extent of resection and postoperative radiotherapy on survival outcomes in intracranial solitary fibrous tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The knowledge of optimal treatments for patients with intracranial solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is limited, with inconclusive results from previous studies. In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis of relevant studies to identify the prognostic impact of the extent of resection (EOR) and postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) on survival outcomes of patients with intracranial SFT. We searched the Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) to identify relevant studies published till April 2022.

Selective Dissolution-Derived Nanoporous Design of Impurity-Free Bi Te Alloys with High Thermoelectric Performance.

Thermoelectric technology, which has been receiving attention as a sustainable energy source, has limited applications because of its relatively low conversion efficiency. To broaden their application scope, thermoelectric materials require a high dimensionless figure of merit (ZT). Porous structuring of a thermoelectric material is a promising approach to enhance ZT by reducing its thermal conductivity.

ADAR1-dependent miR-3144-3p editing simultaneously induces MSI2 expression and suppresses SLC38A4 expression in liver cancer.

Aberrant adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing, catalyzed by adenosine deaminase acting on double-stranded RNA (ADAR), has been implicated in various cancers, but the mechanisms by which microRNA (miRNA) editing contributes to cancer development are largely unknown. Our multistage hepatocellular carcinogenesis transcriptome data analyses, together with publicly available data, indicated that ADAR1 was the most profoundly dysregulated gene among RNA-editing enzyme family members in liver cancer. Targeted inactivation of ADAR1 inhibited the in vitro tumorigenesis of liver cancer cells.

Craniopharyngioma resection by endoscopic endonasal approach versus transcranial approach: A systematic review and meta-analysis of comparative studies.

Introduction: The transcranial approach (TCA) has historically been used to remove craniopharyngiomas. Although the extended endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) to these tumors has been more commonly accepted in the recent two decades, there is debate over whether this approach leads to better outcomes. The goal of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to more comprehensively understand the benefits and limitations of these two approaches in craniopharyngioma resection based on comparative studies.

Clinical Characteristics of Korean Patients with Elderly-Onset Crohn's Disease: Results from the Prospective CONNECT Study.

The clinical course and prognosis of patients with elderly-onset Crohn's disease (CD) remain unclear. This study aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics and outcomes of elderly-onset CD patients from the prospective CONNECT study cohort, a nationwide, multicenter cohort study of patients with CD in Korea. Among a total of 1,175 patients in the prospective CONNECT study cohort, 94 patients (Montreal age A3) were included and divided into two groups according to their age at diagnosis: the elderly-onset group (diagnosed with CD after 60 years of age, n=26, 67.

Comparative Analysis of Coumarin Profiles in Different Parts of and Their Aldo-Keto Reductase Inhibitory Activities.

(Umbelliferae) is widely distributed throughout Southeast Asian countries. The root of this plant is used in traditional medicine to treat colds and pain, whereas the young leaves are considered an edible vegetable. In this study, the differences in coumarin profiles for different parts of including the flowers, roots, leaves, and stems were compared using ultra-performance liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

Mechanically derived short-range order and its impact on the multi-principal-element alloys.

Chemical short-range order in disordered solid solutions often emerges with specific heat treatments. Unlike thermally activated ordering, mechanically derived short-range order (MSRO) in a multi-principal-element FeMnCrCo (at%) alloy originates from tensile deformation at 77 K, and its degree/extent can be tailored by adjusting the loading rates under quasistatic conditions. The mechanical response and multi-length-scale characterisation pointed to the minor contribution of MSRO formation to yield strength, mechanical twinning, and deformation-induced displacive transformation.

The Influence of Precipitate Morphology on the Growth of Austenite Grain in Nb-Ti-Al Microalloyed Steels.

The present study investigates the morphological evolution of carbonitrides and the effect of these precipitates on grain boundary pinning during pseudo-carburizing a Nb-Ti-Al microalloyed steel. The result indicated that three kinds of complex precipitates with different morphologies containing Nb, Ti, and Al respectively were observed in samples austenitized at different temperatures and times. The NbC and TiN precipitates played an important role in pinning grain boundaries and suppressing the growth of austenite grains, relying on the high thermal stability of TiN precipitates and small size of NbC precipitates.

Serum Proteins, HMMR, NXPH4, PITX1 and THBS4; A Panel of Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

The high morbidity rate of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is mainly linked to late diagnosis. Early diagnosis of this leading cause of mortality is therefore extremely important. We designed a gene selection strategy to identify potential secretory proteins by predicting signal peptide cleavage sites in amino acid sequences derived from transcriptome data of human multistage HCC comprising chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and early and overt HCCs.

Comparisons of Videolaryngoscopes for Intubation Undergoing General Anesthesia: Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background: The efficacy and safety of videolaryngoscopes (VLs) for tracheal intubation is still conflicting and changeable according to airway circumstances. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of several VLs in patients undergoing general anesthesia.

Methods: Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched until 13 January 2020.