Exploring the effects of lactulose on lung-intestinal tissue-associated factors and the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in COPD rats based on lung-gut axis theory.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a systemic inflammatory disease impacting both the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems, with its pathogenesis closely linked to the lung-gut axis theory. In this study, we established a rat model of COPD using a fumigation method combined with intra-airway administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to investigate the effects of lactulose on lung and intestinal tissues, focusing on related inflammatory markers and the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. We further explored the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of lactulose on the lung-intestinal tissues in COPD rats, aiming to expand its potential application in chronic respiratory diseases.

Genetic correlation between genes targeted by lipid-lowering drugs and venous thromboembolism: A drug-target Mendelian randomization study.

Dyslipidemia has been established as a potential risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE) in several observational studies. Statins and novel lipid-modifying agents are being explored for their potential in VTE prevention, encompassing deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and pulmonary embolism (PE). Nonetheless, conclusive evidence supporting the effectiveness remains uncertain.

Nanomaterial-based synergistic strategies for combating dental caries: progress and perspectives.

Dental caries, as the predominant global oral disease, remains a critical public health issue worldwide, particularly in socioeconomically disadvantaged communities. However, common caries prevention approaches (, oral health education, mechanical plaque removal, and delivery of fluoride agents) are still insufficient for optimal caries management, and therefore, alternative regimens that can supplement existing strategies are highly warranted. Nanomaterials exhibit considerable potential in combating cariogenic pathogens and biofilms owing to their promising antimicrobial capacity, improved penetration into biofilms, targeted precision delivery, and versatile physicochemical properties.

[Enzymatic reaction pattern of saponins in Gynostemma pentaphyllum and identification of their transformed products].

The activity of rare saponins is generally better than that of their prototypes. There are significant differences in the proportions and pharmacological effects of rare saponins/prototype saponins in Gynostemma pentaphyllum samples dried with different methods, which may be related to the reaction catalyzed by glucosidase. To explore the pattern of the enzymatic reaction catalyzed by glucosidase during the processing of G.

Comparative analysis of the human microbiome from four different regions of China and machine learning-based geographical inference.

The human microbiome, the community of microorganisms that reside on and inside the human body, is critically important for health and disease. However, it is influenced by various factors and may vary among individuals residing in distinct geographic regions. In this study, 220 samples, consisting of sterile swabs from palmar skin and oral and nasal cavities were collected from Chinese Han individuals living in Shanghai, Chifeng, Kunming, and Urumqi, representing the geographic regions of east, northeast, southwest, and northwest China.

Thirty-gauge needle-guided purse-string suture pupilloplasty: a new technique.

Aim: To observe the clinical outcomes of 30-gauge (G) needle-guided 10-0 prolene suture purse-string pupilloplasty for atonic pupil management.

Methods: Eight patients with atonic pupils who underwent suture purse-string pupilloplasty were retrospectively analyzed. Preoperative data and at least 6mo of postoperative data were collected from all the patients.

Development and validation of a Prediction Model for Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Disease.

Background: Acute pulmonary embolism (APE) is a critical disease with a high mortality rate, some of the surviving patients may develop chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease (CTEPD), which affects the patient's prognosis. However, the research on the early diagnosis of CTEPD is limited. This study aimed to establish a prediction model for earlier identification of CTEPD.

Why the adventitious roots of poplar are so colorful: RNAseq and metabolomic analysis reveal anthocyanin accumulation in canker pathogens-induced adventitious roots in poplar.

This study revealed a substrate-level synthesis of pigment cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and the redirection of metabolomic flux in the flavonoid/anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway in poplar adventitious roots (ARs) induced by stem canker pathogens. Recently, we observed a novel allometry on poplar stems, with copious colorful adventitious roots (ARs) induced by fungal canker pathogens. Here, we reveal chemical, physiological, and molecular mechanisms of AR coloration in poplar-pathogens (Valsa sordida/Botrosphaeria dothidea) interaction system using our phloem girdling-inoculation system.

scMoMtF: An interpretable multitask learning framework for single-cell multi-omics data analysis.

With the rapidly development of biotechnology, it is now possible to obtain single-cell multi-omics data in the same cell. However, how to integrate and analyze these single-cell multi-omics data remains a great challenge. Herein, we introduce an interpretable multitask framework (scMoMtF) for comprehensively analyzing single-cell multi-omics data.

Non-affinity platform for processing knob-into-hole bispecific antibody.

Bispecific antibodies hold significant potential as next-generation biotherapeutics owing to their ability to simultaneously bind to two targets. However, the development of bispecific antibodies as biotherapeutics has been hindered by the high levels of byproducts produced, including both high molecular weight and low molecular weight variants. In addition, the inevitable expression of homodimers in host cells presents further obstacles to the commercial development of bispecific antibodies as therapeutics.

Efficacy and safety of switching to insulin glargine 300 U/mL in people with type 2 diabetes uncontrolled on basal insulin in China: A post hoc subpopulation analysis of the INITIATION study.

Aims: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of insulin glargine 300 U/mL (Gla-300) in people with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes (T2D) switching from another basal insulin (BI).

Materials And Methods: INITIATION was an interventional, single-arm, phase IV study conducted in China. In this post hoc subpopulation analysis, the efficacy and safety of switching to Gla-300 was investigated in individuals with uncontrolled T2D (HbA1c 7.

An Interior/Exterior Collaboration-Enhanced Intestinal Anastomosis (IECIA) for Multi-Tiered Leakage Complication Management.

Anastomotic leakage (AL) is a pervasive and risky postoperative complication that presently features inaccessible prevention, delayed diagnosis, and intractable remediation, resulting in distressing morbidity and mortality. Herein an interior/exterior collaboration-enhanced neoteric intestinal anastomosis (IECIA) is developed, which consists of an interior hydrogel-based protective barrier adhering to mucosa, and exterior synergistic leakage-prevention safeguard sutured to serosa, for multi-tiered leakage complication management. Noticeably, the hydrogel barrier protects anastomosis stoma against injurious stimulation from digestive liquid, consequently reducing leakage risk effectively and comfortably in place of painful gastric tube insertion.

[Incidence and risk factors of postoperative epidural hematoma following anterior cervical spine surgery].

Objective: To investigate the incidence and potential risk factors associated with postoperative spinal epidural hematoma (SEH) following anterior cervical spine surgery (ACSS).

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of patients who underwent ACSS for cervical spondylosis at Peking University Third Hospital between March 2013 and February 2022. Patients who developed postoperative SEH were categorized as the SEH group, while those in the cohort without SEH were randomly selected as the non-SEH group by individually matching with the same operator, same gender, same surgery year, and similar age (±5 years) at a ratio of 4 ∶ 1.

The physiological role of gamma-aminobutyric acid in relieving the effect of furfural inhibitor for improvement the production of lipid in D. intermedius Z.

In order to improve the production and quality of lipid of D. intermedius Z under the furfural stress environment, different exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) addition strategies and their reasons for improving the fermentation performance were investigated. For this purpose, the effect of different concentrations of furfural on the production of biomass and lipid in D.

Exploring the clinical significance of TPX2 in pancreatic cancer: from biomarker to immunotherapy.

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly aggressive malignancy characterized by a dismal prognosis. The present study is designed to elucidate the pivotal role of Xenopus kinesin-like protein 2 (TPX2) as a biomarker with substantial clinical prognostic significance in PC. By conducting a comprehensive analysis of RNA sequencing data and protein expression profiles obtained from multiple databases, we observed a pronounced upregulation of TPX2 expression in PC tissues compared to normal pancreatic tissues.

Phytochemicals of nutraceutical importance from different pear cultivars in the early stage of development.

To make full use of young pear fruit thinned from the trees for optimal fruit load during cultivation, this study explored the nutritional diversity in young fruit of seventy-nine different pear varieties, focusing on their bioactive compounds. Our results showed significant variability in total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activity of pear varieties. The TPC values ranged from 0.

Effect of Density of Acrylic Acid Ester on Sulfonate-Modified Polycarboxylate Superplasticizers on Cementitious Systems.

To tackle high viscosity in fresh concretes, especially high-performance concrete, the research of polycarboxylate superplasticizers (PCEs) is relevant. By designing the molecular structure of PCEs, problems such as pumping difficulties in high viscosity of high-performance concrete can be solved. Therefore, in this paper, a suite of novel viscosity reducing PCEs containing sulfonic acid groups and different acrylate densities were synthesized on the basis of inventive molecular structure design, and characterized to determine the predicted structure.

Long-Term Variations in Habitat Use of Humpback Dolphins Due to Anthropogenic Activities in Western Pearl River Estuary.

Marine mammals near coastlines are highly vulnerable to human activities like rapid industrialisation, port construction, and sea reclamation, which can alter their habitat use. This study examines changes in the habitat use of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins in the western Pearl River Estuary (WPRE) by employing a kernel density estimation model that considers physical barriers. Sighting records from systematic surveys in 2007-2008 and 2019-2020, along with remote sensing data, were used to analyse changes in shorelines and areas affected by maritime projects since 1973.

P2RX1-blocked neutrophils induce CD8 T cell dysfunction and affect the immune escape of gastric cancer cells.

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the deadly malignancies of the gastrointestinal tract. Research has confirmed the linkage of P2RX1 with immune cell activation and tumor progression. This project focused on the impact of P2RX1 level in neutrophils on the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment in GC.

Wheat β-glucan reduces obesity and hyperlipidemia in mice with high-fat and high-salt diet by regulating intestinal flora.

Unbalanced diets, characterized by high fat or high salt content, are contributing to the obesity epidemic. Wheat bran, recognized as a promising by-product, has the potential to regulate metabolic disorders (MD) associated with obesity. Beta-glucan (BG) has multiple biological activities, but the effect of BG in wheat bran on MD remains unclear.

A Lipiodol Pickering Emulsion Stabilized by Iron-Doped Carbon Nanozymes for Liver Transarterial Chemoembolization.

Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) utilizing a water-in-oil lipiodol emulsion is a preferable therapeutic strategy for advanced liver cancer in clinical practice. However, the low stability of the lipiodol emulsion and poor efficacy of chemotherapeutic drug seriously undermine the efficiency of TACE. Herein, a novel lobaplatin-loaded lipiodol emulsion (denoted as ICN-LPE) is developed by constructing a lipiodol Pickering emulsion (LPE) stabilized with iron-doped carbon nanozymes (ICN) to mitigate the issue of lipiodol-water separation.