Hierarchically porous carbon/polyaniline hybrid for use in supercapacitors.

A hierarchically porous carbon (HPC)/polyaniline (PANI) hybrid electrode was prepared by the polymerization of PANI on the surface of the HPC via rapid-mixing polymerization. The surface morphologies and chemical composition of the HPC/PANI hybrid electrode were characterized using transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. The surface morphologies and XPS results for the HPC, PANI and HPC/PANI hybrids indicate that PANI is coated on the surface of HPC in the HPC/PANI hybrids which have two different nitrogen groups as a benzenoid amine (-NH-) peak and positively charged nitrogen (N+) peak.

Acid-induced COX-2 expression and prostaglandin E2 production via activation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK in cultured feline esophageal smooth muscle cells.

Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 is known to play an important role in inflammatory conditions such as reflux esophagitis resulting from acid reflux. In this study, we tested whether an acidic medium (pH 4.0) induces an increase in COX-2 expression or PGE(2) production, and explored the implication of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) activation in these responses in cultured cat esophageal smooth muscle cells.

The effect of quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside on indomethacin-induced gastric damage in rats via induction of mucus secretion and down-regulation of ICAM-1 expression.

The mechanism of the protective effect of quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside (QGC) from the leaves of Rumex aqauticus on indomethacin (IND, a representative NSAID)-induced gastric damage in rats was investigated. Pre-treatment with QGC significantly attenuated IND-induced gastric mucosal injury. An increase in myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and expression of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 protein and mRNA expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β, as well as a decrease in gastric mucus secretion were detected in the gastric mucosa of IND-treated rats.