Nephrotoxicity of immune checkpoint inhibitor combination therapy in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis.

Purpose: Few data are available regarding the nephrotoxicity of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) combination therapy in advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). This study aimed to investigate the nephrotoxicity of ICI-based combination therapy versus standard of care sunitinib in patients with advanced RCC.

Methods: We searched Embase/PubMed/Cochrane Library for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Potential production platform of n-butanol in Escherichia coli.

We proposed a potential production platform of n-butanol in Escherichia coli. First, a butyrate-conversion strain was developed by removal of undesired genes and recruiting endogenous atoDA and Clostridium adhE2. Consequently, this E.