Validation of American College of Radiology Bone Reporting and Data System (Bone-RADS) Version 2023 for diagnosis of malignant tumors of appendicular bone on conventional radiographs.

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of the American College of Radiology(ACR) Bone Reporting and Data System (Bone-RADS) in diagnosis of malignant tumors of the appendicular bone on conventional radiographs.

Methods: Primary and secondary tumors of appendicular bone in patients who underwent radiographic and MRI examinations were classified into benign, intermediate, and malignant using a reference standard of histopathology, imaging follow-up, or clinical-radiologic consensus. Two radiologists assessed five radiographic features (margin, periosteal reaction, endosteal erosion, pathologic fracture, and extra-osseous mass), scored point total (points from radiographic features and a history of cancer), and assigned Bone-RADS categories.

[Imaging Findings of Spinal Metastases with Differential Diagnosis: Focusing on Solitary Spinal Lesion in Older Patients].

If a solitary spinal lesion is found in an older patient, bone metastasis can be primarily considered as the diagnosis. Bone metastasis can occur anywhere, but it mostly occurs in the vertebral body and may sometimes show typical imaging findings, presenting as a single lesion. Therefore, differentiating it from other lesions that mimic bone metastases can be challenging, potentially leading to delayed diagnosis and initiation of primary cancer treatment.

Enhancing local recurrence detection in patients with high-grade soft tissue sarcoma: value of short-term Ultrasonography added to post-operative MRI surveillance.

Background: Limited data exist on the optimal postoperative surveillance protocol for high-grade soft tissue sarcoma, particularly regarding the optimal imaging modality and imaging interval for detecting local recurrence. This study aimed to assess the benefit of short-term postoperative ultrasonography (USG) for detecting local recurrence in patients with high-grade soft tissue sarcoma.

Methods: Patients with newly diagnosed high-grade soft tissue sarcoma who underwent surgical resection between January 2010 and June 2020 were included.

Vertebral Venous Congestion That May Mimic Vertebral Metastasis on Contrast-Enhanced Chest Computed Tomography in Chemoport Inserted Patients.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of vertebral venous congestion (VVC) in patients with chemoport insertion, evaluate the imaging characteristics of nodular VVC, and identify the factors associated with VVC.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective single-center study was based on follow-up contrast-enhanced chest computed tomography (CT) of 1412 adult patients who underwent chemoport insertion between January 2016 and December 2016. The prevalence of venous stenosis, reflux, and VVC were evaluated.

Detecting residual soft tissue sarcoma after unplanned excision; model-free analysis of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI at short-term follow-up.

Objectives: To evaluate diagnostic utility of additional DCE-MRI for detecting residual soft tissue sarcomas (STS) after unplanned excision (UPE).

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 32 patients with UPE of STS, followed by conventional MRI with DCE-MRI and wide excision (WE), between November 2019 and January 2022. Residual tumors on conventional MRI were categorized into three groups: Lesion-type-0, no abnormal enhancement, Lesion-type-1, an indeterminate lesion, and Lesion-type-2, a definite enhancing nodule.

Screening of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis using generative adversarial network (GAN) inversion method in chest radiographs.

Objective: Conventional computer-aided diagnosis using convolutional neural networks (CNN) has limitations in detecting sensitive changes and determining accurate decision boundaries in spectral and structural diseases such as scoliosis. We devised a new method to detect and diagnose adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in chest X-rays (CXRs) employing the latent space's discriminative ability in the generative adversarial network (GAN) and a simple multi-layer perceptron (MLP) to screen adolescent idiopathic scoliosis CXRs.

Materials And Methods: Our model was trained and validated in a two-step manner.

Ulnar neuropathy at the elbow: associations of pre-operative DTI parameters with clinical outcomes after cubital tunnel decompression.

Objectives: To evaluate whether DTI parameters of the ulnar nerve at the elbow are associated with clinical outcomes in patients receiving cubital tunnel decompression (CTD) surgery for ulnar neuropathy.

Methods: This retrospective study included 21 patients with cubital tunnel syndrome who received CTD surgery between January 2019 and November 2020. All patients underwent pre-operative elbow MRI, including DTI.

Diagnosis of Scoliosis Using Chest Radiographs with a Semi-Supervised Generative Adversarial Network.

Purpose: To develop and validate a deep learning-based screening tool for the early diagnosis of scoliosis using chest radiographs with a semi-supervised generative adversarial network (GAN).

Materials And Methods: Using a semi-supervised learning framework with a GAN, a screening tool for diagnosing scoliosis was developed and validated through the chest PA radiographs of patients at two different tertiary hospitals. Our proposed method used training GAN with mild to severe scoliosis only in a semi-supervised manner, as an upstream task to learn scoliosis representations and a downstream task to perform simple classification for differentiating between normal and scoliosis states sensitively.

Automated segmentation of the fractured vertebrae on CT and its applicability in a radiomics model to predict fracture malignancy.

Although CT radiomics has shown promising results in the evaluation of vertebral fractures, the need for manual segmentation of fractured vertebrae limited the routine clinical implementation of radiomics. Therefore, automated segmentation of fractured vertebrae is needed for successful clinical use of radiomics. In this study, we aimed to develop and validate an automated algorithm for segmentation of fractured vertebral bodies on CT, and to evaluate the applicability of the algorithm in a radiomics prediction model to differentiate benign and malignant fractures.

Prediction of the Acuity of Vertebral Compression Fractures on CT Using Radiologic and Radiomic Features.

Rationale And Objectives: To develop and validate prediction models to differentiate acute and chronic vertebral compression fractures based on radiologic and radiomic features on CT.

Materials And Methods: This study included acute and chronic compression fractures in patients who underwent both spine CT and MRI examinations. For each fractured vertebra, three CT findings ([1] cortical disruption, [2] hypoattenuating cleft or sclerotic line, and [3] relative bone marrow attenuation) were assessed by two radiologists.

Diagnostic accuracy and complication rate of image-guided percutaneous transthoracic needle lung biopsy for subsolid pulmonary nodules: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: To determine the diagnostic accuracy and complication rate of percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy (PTNB) for subsolid pulmonary nodules and sources of heterogeneity among reported results.

Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane libraries (until November 7, 2020) for studies measuring the diagnostic accuracy of PTNB for subsolid pulmonary nodules. Pooled sensitivity and specificity of PTNB were calculated using a bivariate random-effects model.

Differences between 3D isovoxel fat suppression VIBE MRI and CT models of proximal femur osseous anatomy: A preliminary study for bone tumor resection planning.

Purpose: To evaluate the osseous anatomy of the proximal femur extracted from a 3D-MRI volumetric interpolated breath-hold (VIBE) sequence using either a Dixon or water excitation (WE) fat suppression method, and to measure the overall difference using CT as a reference standard.

Material And Methods: This retrospective study reviewed imaging of adult patients with hip pain who underwent 3D hip MRI and CT. A semi-automatically segmented CT model served as the reference standard, and MRI segmentation was performed manually for each unilateral hip joint.

Diagnostic performance of computed tomography and diffusion-weighted imaging as first-line imaging modality according to the International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) imaging algorithm for monoclonal plasma cell disorders.

Background: The latest International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) guideline recommends low-dose whole-body (WB) computed tomography (CT) as the first-line imaging technique for the initial diagnosis of plasma cell disorders.

Purpose: To evaluate diagnostic performances of CT and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) as the first-line imaging modalities and assess misclassification rates obtained following the guideline.

Material And Methods: Two independent radiologists analyzed CT (acquired as PET/CT) and DWI (3-T; b-values = 50 and 900 s/mm) of patients newly diagnosed with plasma cell disorder, categorizing the number of bone lesions.

Combined radiomics-clinical model to predict malignancy of vertebral compression fractures on CT.

Objectives: To develop and validate a combined radiomics-clinical model to predict malignancy of vertebral compression fractures on CT.

Methods: One hundred sixty-five patients with vertebral compression fractures were allocated to training (n = 110 [62 acute benign and 48 malignant fractures]) and validation (n = 55 [30 acute benign and 25 malignant fractures]) cohorts. Radiomics features (n = 144) were extracted from non-contrast-enhanced CT images.

Assessment of central cartilaginous tumor of the appendicular bone: inter-observer and intermodality agreement and comparison of diagnostic performance of CT and MRI.

Background: Diagnostic performance, inter-observer agreement, and intermodality agreement between computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the depiction of the major distinguishing imaging features of central cartilaginous tumors have not been investigated.

Purpose: To determine the inter-observer and intermodality agreement of CT and MRI in the evaluation of central cartilaginous tumors of the appendicular bones, and to compare their diagnostic performance.

Material And Methods: Two independent radiologists retrospectively reviewed preoperative CT and MRI.

Diagnostic performance of plain radiography for sacroiliitis in patients with suspected axial spondyloarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Plain radiography serves a pivotal role in diagnosing axial spondyloarthritis. However, a broad range of diagnostic performance of plain radiography has been reported.

Purpose: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to measure the diagnostic performance of plain radiography for sacroiliitis in patients suspected of having axial spondyloarthritis using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings as the reference standard.

Role of whole-body MRI for treatment response assessment in multiple myeloma: comparison between clinical response and imaging response.

Background: Whole-body MRI (WB-MRI) including diffusion-weighted image (DWI) have been widely used in patients with multiple myeloma. However, evidence for the value of WB-MRI in the evaluation of treatment response remains sparse. Therefore, we evaluated the role of WB-MRI in the response assessment.

Risk Factors for Diagnostic Failure of Ultrasound-Guided Core Needle Biopsy of Soft-Tissue Tumors Based on World Health Organization Classification Category and Biologic Potential.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic outcome of ultrasound (US)-guided core needle biopsy (CNB) of soft-tissue tumors and to assess the factors associated with significant diagnostic failure. We performed a retrospective analysis of biopsy specimens obtained from patients with soft-tissue tumors of the extremities and superficial trunk who underwent both US-guided CNB and surgical resection. In accordance with the World Health Organization classification, biopsy results and findings from final histologic analysis of the surgically resected specimen (hereafter known as final histologic findings) were categorized in terms of biologic potential as benign, intermediate (locally aggressive), intermediate (rarely metastasizing), or malignant.

Advances in whole body MRI for musculoskeletal imaging: Diffusion-weighted imaging.

Recent advances in imaging technology have enabled the acquisition of anatomical and functional imaging from head to toe in a reasonably short scan time. Accordingly, whole body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI) and diffusion-weighted imaging (WB-DWI) have gained recent attention for the management of musculoskeletal problems such as bone tumors and rheumatologic diseases. WB-MRI is especially useful in diagnosing systemic or widespread disease requiring whole body evaluation, such as bone metastases, multiple myeloma, lymphoma, neurofibromatosis, and spondyloarthropathies.

Distinguishing necrotizing from non-necrotizing fasciitis: a new predictive scoring integrating MRI in the LRINEC score.

Objectives: To develop and validate a scoring system integrating MRI and laboratory findings to differentiate necrotizing fasciitis (NF) from non-necrotizing fasciitis (non-NF).

Methods: This retrospective study included 144 subjects who underwent surgery in one of three tertiary referral centers for NF or cellulitis with non-NF. The development cohort consisted of 96 subjects (NF = 47; non-NF = 49) from one center, and the validation cohort consisted of 48 subjects (NF = 23; cellulitis with non-NF = 25) from two different centers.

MRI Diagnosis for Post-Traumatic Osteomyelitis of Extremities Using Conventional Metal-Artifact Reducing Protocols: Revisited.

Rationale And Objectives: To assess the diagnostic power of MR imaging features for post-traumatic osteomyelitis (PTOM) of the extremities with metal implants using a 3.0-T machine with conventional metal-artifact reducing (MAR) protocols.

Materials And Methods: Between December 2012 and September 2016, 261 consecutive patients underwent MRI for clinical suspicion of PTOM in the appendicular skeleton at our hospital.