Postural effects on blood pressure, intraocular pressure, and ocular perfusion pressure in patients with spinal cord injury.

Background: Reduced ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) from hypotension and consistent OPP variability due to blood pressure (BP) fluctuations are predisposing factors for glaucoma. Low resting BP and orthostatic hypotension (OH) in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients may increase the risk of glaucoma post-injury. This study investigated BP, intraocular pressure (IOP), and OPP changes between supine and sitting positions in SCI and normal individuals.

Isolated Abducens Nerve Palsy Following Spinal Anesthesia.

A healthy 28-year-old lady, para 1, presented to the emergency department with persistent frontal headache, nausea, and vomiting following an emergency cesarean section four days ago. She experienced difficulties with six failed attempts of spinal anesthesia intrapartum before conversion to general anesthesia. A 25-gauge Whitacre needle was utilized for administering spinal anesthesia under a sitting position.

Trichosporon Endophthalmitis Following Cataract Surgery: A Case Report.

Fungal infections always pose a predicament to management and prognosis. The saprophytic fungus,  commonly causes endogenous infection in immunocompromised individuals. We report a case of exogenous endophthalmitis successfully treated with voriconazole, pars plana vitrectomy, and removal of the source of infection.

Ocular Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction in the Treatment of Ocular Syphilis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (JHR) is a transient clinical phenomenon in patients with syphilis who receive antibiotic treatment. A 31-year-old man with an underlying HIV infection presented with worsening vision in the right eye two days after being treated with oral doxycycline for presumed left-eye neuroretinitis. Prior history revealed two episodes of penile discharge and ulcers that were not investigated.

Risk factors affecting cataract surgery outcome: The Malaysian cataract surgery registry.

This is a 5 years multicentre database study that recruited subjects from the Malaysian Ministry of Health Cataract Surgery Registry (MOH CSR), aimed to determine risk factors that affect cataract surgery visual outcome and evaluates post-cataract surgery vision. All age-related cataract surgeries with primary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation were included. Cases with secondary cataract, previous ocular surgeries and incomplete data were excluded.

Sinonasal Lymphoma Presenting as Cavernous Sinus Syndrome: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

A 37-year-old man presented with a 1-week history of diplopia. He was under investigation by otorhinolaryngology for left sinonasal malignancy after imaging of the paranasal sinuses had revealed a large homogenous mass in the left nasal cavity. His visual acuity was 6/9 in each eye with no relative afferent pupillary defect.

Effects of regular exercise on intraocular pressure.

Background: Exercise may potentially provide an adjunctive measure to help control intraocular pressure in glaucoma patients. However, currently, there is still no substantial evidence that regular exercise can produce a prolonged effect of intraocular pressure reduction. We aim to determine the effects of regular exercise on intraocular pressure in healthy individuals.

Contrast sensitivity is associated with frailty.

Purpose: Using data from the Malaysian Elders Longitudinal Research (MELoR), this study investigated the association between visual function (visual acuity and contrast sensitivity) and frailty in a group of urban-dwelling older adults.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. 1332 participants aged ≥ 55 years were selected by random sampling from the parliamentary electoral register.

Baseline Central Visual Field Defect as a Risk Factor For NTG Progression: A 5-Year Prospective Study.

Precis: This 5-year follow-up study on normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) patients demonstrated that those with baseline central visual field (VF) defect progress at a more increased rate compared with those with peripheral field defect.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics, including 24-hour ocular perfusion pressure and risk of progression in patients with baseline central VF defect, as compared with those with peripheral VF defect in NTG.

Design: This was a prospective, longitudinal study.

Co-occurrence of acute ophthalmoplegia (without ataxia) and idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

Background: Acute ophthalmoparesis without ataxia was designated as 'atypical Miller Fisher syndrome' as it presents with progressive, relatively symmetrical ophthalmoplegia, but without ataxia nor limb weakness, in the presence of anti-GQ1b antibody. Idiopathic intracranial hypertension is characterized by signs of raised intracranial pressure occurring in the absence of cerebral pathology, with normal composition of cerebrospinal fluid and a raised opening pressure of more than 20 cmHO during lumbar puncture. We aim to report a rare case of acute ophthalmoplegia with co-occurrence of raised intracranial pressure.

Corneal Hysteresis Is Reduced in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome.

Significance: To our knowledge, this is the first time a study looking at the association between corneal hysteresis (CH) and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) severity has been reported. We provide evidence that CH is lower in OSAS and speculate on the possible causes.

Purpose: The present study aims to look at the association between CH and severity of OSAS, and whether CH could be another link between OSAS and the development of glaucoma.

Ocular perfusion pressure and ophthalmic artery flow in patients with normal tension glaucoma.

Background: Vascular insufficiency has been reported to be a cause of normal tension glaucoma (NTG). The aim of this study was to compare ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) and ophthalmic artery flow (OAF) between patients with NTG and those without glaucoma.

Methods: We considered one eye each from 31 NTG and 15 non-glaucoma control patients.

Association between Ocular Pseudoexfoliation and Sensorineural Hearing Loss.

Background. Our study aimed to investigate an association between ocular pseudoexfoliation (PXF) and sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and to compare them with age and sex matched controls without pseudoexfoliation. Method.

Novel use of 3T MRI in assessment of optic nerve volume in glaucoma.

Purpose: To measure optic nerve (ON) volume using 3 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), to correlate ON volume with retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, and to determine the viability of MRI as an objective tool in distinguishing glaucoma severity.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 30 severe glaucoma patients, 30 mild glaucoma patients and 30 age-matched controls were recruited. All subjects underwent standard automated perimetry, RNFL analysis and 3 T MRI examinations.

Matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in the aqueous humour of patients with primary angle closure glaucoma - a quantitative study.

Background: Altered levels of specific matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in the aqueous humour of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) eyes have been described. In this study, levels of specific MMPs and TIMPs in the aqueous humour of primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) eyes were measured and compared with those of POAG as well as non-glaucoma control eyes.

Methods: Aqueous humour from 16 PACG, 28 POAG and 27 control eyes were sampled during intraocular surgery.

Darkroom prone provocative test in primary angle closure glaucoma relatives.

Purpose: To evaluate ocular biometric parameters and darkroom prone provocative test (DPPT) in family members of primary angle closure (PAC) glaucoma (PACG) patients and to establish any correlation between these biometric parameters and the DPPT response.

Methods: Seventy-four family members of PACG patients underwent ultrasound ocular biometry, slit lamp biomicroscopy, Goldmann applanation tonometry, fundus examination, and gonioscopy. Lastly, DPPT was performed.

Severity of visual impairment and depression among elderly Malaysians.

Objective: This study aimed at evaluating the relationship between severity of visual impairment and depression among elderly Malaysians attending an eye clinic.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. The study population included patients, aged>or=60 years who attended the Eye Clinic in University Malaya Medical Centre.

Progression of visual field loss in open angle glaucoma in the Melbourne Visual Impairment Project.

Purpose: To quantify the progression of visual field loss in participants with open angle glaucoma.

Methods: Cluster random samples of 3271 participants participated in this study. Each participant underwent a standardized ophthalmic examination, which included intraocular pressure measurement, Humphrey 24-2 Fastpac visual field testing and stereophotography of the optic disc.