Implementation of Evidence-Based International Recommendations Reduces Postoperative Delirium Rate in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery or Interventions: A System-Based Quality Improvement Study.

Background: Delirium is a frequent and serious complication of cardiac procedures that can lead to serious long-term health restrictions. As primary prevention is more effective in reducing rate of delirium than the therapy itself, this study aimed to investigate the effect of a multidisciplinary delirium prevention bundle on the postoperative delirium rate in patients undergoing cardiac procedures.

Methods: In this system-based quality improvement study, a four-component delirium prevention bundle was implemented in patients undergoing cardiac procedures at a single high-volume center.

Influence of cartilage defects and a collagen gel on integrity of corresponding intact cartilage: a biomechanical in-vitro study.

Introduction: Numerous cartilage repair procedures have been developed for focal lesions to minimize suffering and possibly prevent the development of osteoarthritis with a focus on so-called one-step procedures. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of both focal cartilage defects and a biomaterial (ChondroFiller) on the corresponding articular cartilage.

Materials And Methods: On a friction test stand, 18 porcine osteochondral cylinders were tested in six experimental setups under cyclic loading (33 N) against a friction partner in saline solution.

Experimental guide wire placement for total shoulder arthroplasty in glenoid models: higher precision for patient-specific aiming guides compared to standard technique without learning curve.

Background: Patient-specific aiming devices (PSAD) may improve precision and accuracy of glenoid component positioning in total shoulder arthroplasty, especially in degenerative glenoids. The aim of this study was to compare precision and accuracy of guide wire positioning into different glenoid models using a PSAD versus a standard guide.

Methods: Three experienced shoulder surgeons inserted 2.

Inflammatory tissue response in human soft tissue is caused by a higher particle load near carbon fiber-reinforced PEEK compared to titanium plates.

Titanium as the leading implant material in locked plating is challenged by polymers such as carbon fiber-reinforced polyetheretherketone (CFR-PEEK), which became the focus of interest of researchers and manufacturers in recent years. However, data on human tissue response to these new implant materials are rare. Osteosynthesis plates and peri‑implant soft tissue samples of 16 healed proximal humerus fractures were examined (n = 8 CFR-PEEK, n = 8 titanium).

Influence of the skull bone and brain tissue on the sound field in transcranial extracorporeal shock wave therapy: an study.

Objectives: Focused ultrasound is mainly known for focal ablation and localized hyperthermia of tissue. During the last decade new treatment options were developed for neurological indications based on blood-brain-barrier opening or neuromodulation. Recently, the transcranial application of shock waves has been a subject of research.

The HAInich: A multidisciplinary vision data-set for a better understanding of the forest ecosystem.

We present a multidisciplinary forest ecosystem 3D perception dataset. The dataset was collected in the Hainich-Dün region in central Germany, which includes two dedicated areas, which are part of the Biodiversity Exploratories - a long term research platform for comparative and experimental biodiversity and ecosystem research. The dataset combines several disciplines, including computer science and robotics, biology, bio-geochemistry, and forestry science.

Osseous microarchitecture in frequent fracture zones of the distal clavicle.

Background: Fracture classifications of the distal clavicle are based on ligamentous integrity. The influence of osseous microarchitecture on fracture occurrence, morphology, and the lesion's stability has not yet been investigated. We aimed to characterize osseous microarchitecture according to common fracture classification systems based on ligamentous integrity and investigated the possible effects of age, gender, and osteoporosis in distal clavicle fractures.

Disrupted biomineralization in zebra mussels after exposure to bisphenol-A: Potential implications for molar-incisor hypomineralization.

Objective: The aetiology of molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is currently unclear. A major hurdle in MIH research is the lack of adequate model systems. The study investigated the feasibility of zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) as a novel model to screen potential MIH-related factors.

Functional outcomes before and after implant removal in patients with posttraumatic shoulder stiffness and healed proximal humerus fractures: does implant material (PEEK vs. titanium) have an impact? - a pilot study.

Background: Posttraumatic shoulder stiffness remains a problem after proximal humerus fracture (PHF) despite good healing rates. The aim of this pilot study was to determine whether the implant material and overlying soft tissue have an effect on shoulder range of motion (ROM) before and after implant removal (IR).

Methods: 16 patients (mean age 55.

Intranuclear cell uptake and toxicity of titanium dioxide and zirconia particles as well as bacterial adhesion on dental titanium- and zirconia-implants.

Objective: Previous studies have shown that particles can be released from dental titanium (Ti)- and zirconia (ZrO)-implants. Titanium dioxide (TiO)- and ZrO-particles were compared regarding their toxicity and intranuclear cell uptake as well as the adhesion of various anaerobic bacteria on Ti- and ZrO-implants.

Methods: Cyto- and genotoxicity of TiO-microparticles (TiO-MPs) and TiO-nanoparticles (TiO-NPs) in periodontal ligament (PDL)-hTERT cells were determined with XTT test and DNA damage with comet assay.

Exposure of zebra mussels to radial extracorporeal shock waves: implications for treatment of fracture nonunions.

Background: Radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy (rESWT) is an attractive, non-invasive therapy option to manage fracture nonunions of superficial bones, with a reported success rate of approximately 75%. Using zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha), we recently demonstrated that induction of biomineralization after exposure to focused extracorporeal shock waves (fESWs) is not restricted to the region of direct energy transfer into calcified tissue. This study tested the hypothesis that radial extracorporeal shock waves (rESWs) also induce biomineralization in regions not directly exposed to the shock wave energy in zebra mussels.

Local and systemic inflammation after implantation of a novel iron based porous degradable bone replacement material in sheep model.

Despite the high potential of healthy bone to regenerate, the reconstruction of large bone defects remains a challenge. Due to the lack of mechanical stability of existing bone substitutes, recently developed degradable metallic alloys are an interesting alternative providing higher load-bearing capabilities. Degradable iron-based alloys therefore might be an attractive innovation.

Multiscale X-ray phase contrast imaging of human cartilage for investigating osteoarthritis formation.

Background: The evolution of cartilage degeneration is still not fully understood, partly due to its thinness, low radio-opacity and therefore lack of adequately resolving imaging techniques. X-ray phase-contrast imaging (X-PCI) offers increased sensitivity with respect to standard radiography and CT allowing an enhanced visibility of adjoining, low density structures with an almost histological image resolution. This study examined the feasibility of X-PCI for high-resolution (sub-) micrometer analysis of different stages in tissue degeneration of human cartilage samples and compare it to histology and transmission electron microscopy.

Personal formaldehyde exposure during the transportation of embalmed cadavers.

Occupational exposure to the known carcinogen formaldehyde during embalming (the preservation of cadavers) has been well documented. Cadavers may be transported to universities on loan for training medical professionals in human anatomy courses. However, occupational formaldehyde exposure levels associated with the transportation of cadavers have not previously been published.

[Principles of tendon healing at the shoulder and consequences for their treatment : Importance of platelet-rich plasma and regenerative medicine].

Tendon pathologies are a frequent cause of shoulder pain and can lead to significant decline in the quality of life. Conservative treatment is suitable for most tendon pathologies. In addition to classical conservative treatment options, such as physiotherapy, oral analgesia and infiltrations, there are a number of additive treatment options to promote structural tendon healing and clinical outcome.

New Insights into Osteointegration and Delamination from a Multidisciplinary Investigation of a Failed Hydroxyapatite-Coated Hip Joint Replacement.

Unlabelled: Hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings have become very popular in uncemented total hip arthroplasty (THA). Analysis of retrievals and tissue samples from an HA-coated femoral stem, which failed within 14 months after THA, provides exceptional insights into the failure mechanism, as well as the process of osteointegration of such an implant.

Methods: Retrievals were photo-documented.

Cortical parameters predict bone strength at the tibial diaphysis, but are underestimated by HR-pQCT and μCT compared to histomorphometry.

Cortical bone and its microstructure are crucial for bone strength, especially at the long bone diaphysis. However, it is still not well-defined how imaging procedures can be used as predictive tools for mechanical bone properties. This study evaluated the capability of several high-resolution imaging techniques to capture cortical bone morphology and assessed the correlation with the bone's mechanical properties.

Assessing turbine passage effects on internal fish injury and delayed mortality using X-ray imaging.

Knowledge on the extent and mechanisms of fish damage caused by hydropower facilities is important for the conservation of fish populations. Herein, we assessed the effects of hydropower turbine passage on internal fish injuries using X-ray technology. A total of 902 specimens from seven native European fish species were screened for 36 types of internal injuries and 86 external injuries evaluated with a previously published protocol.

Nursing Home Staff's Perceptions of Noise Compared to Measured Noise Levels: A Descriptive Study.

A noisy environment may cause annoyance to nursing home staff and affect their ability to provide quality care to residents. The current descriptive study examined differences between staff's perceived noise levels and measured noise levels in four nursing home facilities in Ohio. Most participants (N = 90) were White females.

COVID-19 and anatomy: Stimulus and initial response.

The outbreak of COVID-19, resulting from widespread transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, represents one of the foremost current challenges to societies across the globe, with few areas of life remaining untouched. Here, we detail the immediate impact that COVID-19 has had on the teaching and practice of anatomy, providing specific examples of the varied responses from several UK, Irish and German universities and medical schools. Alongside significant issues for, and suspension of, body donation programmes, the widespread closure of university campuses has led to challenges in delivering anatomy education via online methods, a particular problem for a practical, experience-based subject such as anatomy.

Development of a novel biodegradable porous iron-based implant for bone replacement.

Bone replacement and osteosynthesis require materials which can at least temporarily bear high mechanical loads. Ideally, these materials would eventually degrade and would be replaced by bone deposited from the host organism. To date several metals, notably iron and iron-based alloys have been identified as suitable materials because they combine high strength at medium corrosion rates.

Effects of focal metallic implants on opposing cartilage - an in-vitro study with an abrasion test machine.

Background: For focal cartilage defects, biological repair might be ineffective in patients over 45 years. A focal metallic implant (FMI) (Hemi-CAP Arthrosurface Inc., Franklin, MA, USA) was designed to reduce symptoms.

Titanium and zirconium release from titanium- and zirconia implants in mini pig maxillae and their toxicity in vitro.

Objective: Titanium (Ti)- and Zirconia (ZrO)-implants in mini pig maxillae were compared with respect to Ti/zirconium (Zr) release into the surrounding bone tissues, the resulting short term tissue responses and the potential toxicity.

Methods: Ti/Zr release from Ti- and ZrO-implants in mini pig maxillae was determined with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The spatial distribution of Ti and Zr in maxilla tissues near the implant surface was assessed with laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS).

Perceptions of Water-related Environmental Concerns in Northwest Ohio One Year after a Lake Erie Harmful Algal Bloom.

Water is essential to human life around the world, but there are numerous threats to its quality both internationally and nationally. The purpose of this secondary data analysis was to examine public perceptions of water-related environmental concerns in northwest Ohio. In fall 2015, nine focus groups on environmental health conditions were conducted with Lucas County, Ohio residents.