Space scan statistics to identify clusters of neonatal mortality associated with bacterial sepsis.

Our study aim was to identify high-risk areas of neonatal mortality associated with bacterial sepsis in the state of São Paulo, Southeast Brazil. We used a population-based study applying retrospective spatial scan statistics with data extracted from birth certificates linked to death certificates. All live births from mothers residing in São Paulo State from 2004 to 2020 were included.

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: temporal trend from 2010 to 2019 in the Brazilian Network on Neonatal Research.

Objective: To evaluate the temporal trend of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants who survived to at least 36 weeks' post-menstrual age (PMA) and BPD or death at 36 weeks' PMA, and to analyse variables associated with both outcomes.

Design: Retrospective cohort with data retrieved from an ongoing national registry.

Setting: 19 Brazilian university public hospitals.

Epidemiological trends of isolated and non-isolated central nervous system congenital malformations in live births in a middle-income setting.

Objectives: This study aimed to analyze, in the São Paulo state of Brazil, time trends in prevalence, neonatal mortality, and neonatal lethality of central nervous system congenital malformations (CNS-CM) between 2004 and 2015.

Methods: Population-based study of all live births with gestational age ≥22 weeks and/or birthweight ≥400 g from mothers living in São Paulo State, during 2004-2015. CNS-CM was defined by the presence of International Classification Disease 10th edition codes Q00-Q07 in the death and/or live birth certificates.

The burden of inappropriate birth weight on neonatal survival in term newborns: a population-based study in a middle-income setting.

Introduction: Premature birth, perinatal asphyxia, and infections are the main causes of neonatal death. Growth deviations at birth also affect neonatal survival according to week of gestation at birth, particularly in developing countries. The purpose of this study was to verify the association between inappropriate birth weight and neonatal death in term live births.

Echocardiography performed by the neonatologist: the impact on the clinical management.

Background: The aim of this study was to assess whether neonatologist-performed echocardiography (NPE) changed the previously planned hemodynamic approach in critically ill newborn infants.

Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study included the first NPE of 199 neonates. Before the exam, the clinical team was asked about the planned hemodynamic approach and the answer was classified as an intention to change or not to change the therapy.

Temporal Trend and Risk Factors for Respiratory Distress Syndrome-Associated Neonatal Mortality in Preterm Infants: A Population-Based Study in a Middle-Income Country.

Objective: This article aimed to report a temporal series of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)-associated neonatal mortality rates in preterm live births in São Paulo state, Brazil, and to identify social, maternal, and neonatal characteristics associated with these deaths.

Study Design: This is a population-based study of all live births with gestational age (GA) between 22 and 36 weeks, birth weight ≥400 g, without congenital anomalies from mothers living in São Paulo state during 2004 to 2015. RDS-associated neonatal mortality was defined as death up to 27 days after birth with ICD-10 codes P22.

Clusters of preterm live births and respiratory distress syndrome-associated neonatal deaths: spatial distribution and cooccurrence patterns.

Background: Prematurity and respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) are strongly associated. RDS continues to be an important contributor to neonatal mortality in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify clusters of preterm live births and RDS-associated neonatal deaths, and their cooccurrence pattern in São Paulo State, Brazil, between 2004 and 2015.

Acquisition of Behavioral Skills after Manikin-Based Simulation of Neonatal Resuscitation by Fellows in Neonatology.

Objective: Behavioral performance of health professionals is essential for adequate patient care. This study aimed to assess the behavioral skills of fellows in neonatology before and after a simulation training program on neonatal resuscitation.

Study Design: From March 2019 to February 2020, a prospective cohort with 12 second-year fellows in neonatology were evaluated during three training cycles (16 hours each) in manikin-based simulation of neonatal resuscitation with standardized scenarios.

Clusters of cause specific neonatal mortality and its association with per capita gross domestic product: A structured spatial analytical approach.

Background: Infant mortality rate is a measure of population health and neonatal mortality account for great proportion of these deaths. Underdevelopment might be associated to higher neonatal mortality risk due to assistant related factors. Spatial and temporal distribution of mortality help identifying and developing strategies for interventions.

Operational Challenges in the Use of Structured Secondary Data for Health Research.

In Brazil, secondary data for epidemiology are largely available. However, they are insufficiently prepared for use in research, even when it comes to structured data since they were often designed for other purposes. To date, few publications focus on the process of preparing secondary data.

Costs of hospitalization in preterm infants: impact of antenatal steroid therapy.

Objective: To estimate the costs of hospitalization in premature infants exposed or not to antenatal corticosteroids (ACS).

Method: Retrospective cohort analysis of premature infants with gestational age of 26-32 weeks without congenital malformations, born between January of 2006 and December of 2009 in a tertiary, public university hospital. Maternal and neonatal demographic data, neonatal morbidities, and hospital inpatient services during the hospitalization were collected.

Photogrammetry: an accurate and reliable tool to detect thoracic musculoskeletal abnormalities in preterm infants.

Objective: To analyse the accuracy and reproducibility of photogrammetry in detecting thoracic abnormalities in infants born prematurely.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: The Premature Clinic at the Federal University of São Paolo.

Predictive score for clinical complications during intra-hospital transports of infants treated in a neonatal unit.

Objective: To develop and validate a predictive score for clinical complications during intra-hospital transport of infants treated in neonatal units.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study nested in a prospective cohort of infants transported within a public university hospital from January 2001 to December 2008. Transports during even (n=301) and odd (n = 394) years were compared to develop and validate a predictive score.

Factors associated with clinical complications during intra-hospital transports in a neonatal unit in Brazil.

Objective: Analyze factors associated with clinical complications during intra-hospital transport of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) patients.

Methods: Prospective study of 641 infants submitted to 1197 intra-hospital transports at a public university NICU. Factors associated with clinical complications during intra-hospital transports were studied by multiple logistic regression analysis.

Chest expansion for assessing tidal volume in premature newborn infants on ventilators.

Objectives: To investigate whether clinical observation of chest expansion predicts tidal volume in neonates on mechanical ventilation and whether observer experience interferes with results.

Methods: An observational study that enrolled less experienced physicians in the first year of pediatric residency, moderately experienced (second year pediatric residency, first year of neonatology or pediatric intensive care specialization) or who were already experienced (second year neonatology specialization, graduate students or primary physician supervisors with minimum experience of 4 years in neonatology). These professionals observed the chest expansion of newborn infants on mechanical ventilation and estimated the tidal volume being supplied to the babies.

Factors associated with survival of very-low-birth-weight infants in a Brazilian fee-paying maternity in the 1990s.

This study describes intra-hospital survival rates of very-low-birth-weight infants, as well as factors present at birth associated with survival, during a period of 10 years. This is a Retrospective cohort study performed in a 3rd level nursery at Santa Joana Maternity Hospital, a fee-paying institution in Sao Paulo, Brazil. From January 1991 to December 2000, 963 live-born infants with a birth weight of 500-1499 g, without congenital anomalies, were followed until discharge.

[Bronchopulmonary dysplasia].

Objective: To present a wide-ranging review of the literature on broncopulmonary dysplasia, covering new definitions, pathophysiology, prevention, treatment, prognosis and progression.

Sources Of Data: The most relevant articles published on the subject since it was first described in 1967 were selected from MEDLINE search results.

Summary Of The Findings: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is considered one of the primary causes of chronic lung disease among infants.

[Advances in necrotizing enterocolitis].

Objective: To evaluate recently reported findings on necrotizing enterocolitis, Paying particular attention to pathogenesis, management and preventative strategies.

Data Sources: The articles covered in this report consist of randomized and quasi-randomized trials, case control studies, meta-analyses and reviews published recently. Certain other articles were also included because of their utmost importance to the subject.

Antenatal treatment with corticosteroids for preterm neonates: impact on the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome and intra-hospital mortality.

Context: Although the benefits of antenatal corticosteroids have been widely demonstrated in other countries, there are few studies among Brazilian newborn infants.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of antenatal corticosteroids on the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome and intra-hospital mortality among neonates with a gestational age of less than 34 weeks.

Type Of Study: Cross-sectional.