Compost Filling Methods Affect Green Mold Disease Incidence in Commercial Mushrooms.

Green mold () is an invasive disease of commercial mushrooms introduced into the United States from Europe that now has spread to commercial mushrooms throughout North America. We examined potential sources of invasive green mold inoculum and the association with different compost filling technologies on a large actively producing commercial mushroom farm. Green mold foci were sampled bed by bed, which generated 20,906 data points.

Biochar and compost effects on soil microbial communities and nitrogen induced respiration in turfgrass soils.

We examined the effect of a labile soil amendment, compost, and recalcitrant biochar on soil microbial community structure, diversity, and activity during turfgrass establishment. Two application rates of biochar (B1 at 12.5 t ha-1and B2 at 25 t ha-1), a 5 centimeter (cm) green waste compost treatment (CM) in top soil, a treatment with 12.

Testing a Partial Ordering of Population Means with Application to Inference about Growth Habits of Cowpea Genotypes.

Using general results available in the literature, we derive the likelihood ratio test for a particular partial ordering of means that naturally arises in a biological context. We then show that the conceptual and computational complexity of the derivation can be substantially reduced by equivalently deriving the test using the intersection-union principle for decomposing a complex null hypothesis into elemental forms. A Monte Carlo algorithm for obtaining the p-value of the test is proposed.

Fumigant combinations for Cyperus esculentum L control.

The phase-out of methyl bromide as a soil fumigant has stimulated research into the use of other soil fumigants for weed control. Methyl bromide, methyl iodide, propargyl bromide, 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) and metam-sodium were tested alone and in combination with chloropicrin in laboratory experiments to determine their efficacy against Cyperus esculentus L (yellow nutsedge) tubers. Propargyl bromide and metam-sodium were the most efficacious fumigants tested, with EC50 values of 3.